|
Viscosity and Density of Aqueous Solutions of Urea and Guanidine Hydrochloride
Kazuo Kawahara 1 and Charles Tanford 1
From the
1 From the Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27706
Densities and viscosities of aqueous solutions of urea and guanidine hydrochloride at 25° have been measured, and equations are presented which describe their variation with concentration.
Densities and viscosities of similar solutions containing additional solutes (buffers, NaCl, ß-mercaptoethanol) have been measured, and the possibility of predicting these results from information on solutions containing each solute separately is discussed.
Submitted on November 22, 1965

CiteULike Complore Connotea Del.icio.us Digg Reddit Technorati What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. Camilloni, A. G. Rocco, I. Eberini, E. Gianazza, R. A. Broglia, and G. Tiana
Urea and Guanidinium Chloride Denature Protein L in Different Ways in Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Biophys. J.,
June 15, 2008;
94(12):
4654 - 4661.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. W. Alston, M. Lasagna, G. R. Grimsley, J. M. Scholtz, G. D. Reinhart, and C. N. Pace
Peptide Sequence and Conformation Strongly Influence Tryptophan Fluorescence
Biophys. J.,
March 15, 2008;
94(6):
2280 - 2287.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. G. Rocco, L. Mollica, P. Ricchiuto, A. M. Baptista, E. Gianazza, and I. Eberini
Characterization of the Protein Unfolding Processes Induced by Urea and Temperature
Biophys. J.,
March 15, 2008;
94(6):
2241 - 2251.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. A. Maillard, M. Jordan, D. W. C. Beasley, A. D. T. Barrett, and J. C. Lee
Long Range Communication in the Envelope Protein Domain III and Its Effect on the Resistance of West Nile Virus to Antibody-mediated Neutralization
J. Biol. Chem.,
January 4, 2008;
283(1):
613 - 622.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. Wang, A. B. Cowley, and D. R. Benson
Enhancing the thermal stability of mitochondrial cytochrome b5 by introducing a structural motif characteristic of the less stable microsomal isoform
Protein Eng. Des. Sel.,
October 24, 2007;
(2007)
gzm053v1.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Jaspe and S. J. Hagen
Do Protein Molecules Unfold in a Simple Shear Flow?
Biophys. J.,
November 1, 2006;
91(9):
3415 - 3424.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
G. R. Grimsley, B. M.P. Huyghues-Despointes, C. N. Pace, and J. M. Scholtz
Preparation of Urea and Guanidinium Chloride Stock Solutions for Measuring Denaturant-Induced Unfolding Curves
CSH Protocols,
May 1, 2006;
2006(1):
pdb.prot4241 - pdb.prot4241.
[Full Text]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K. Kashiwagi, Y. Isogai, K.-I. Nishiguchi, and K. Shiba
Frame shuffling: a novel method for in vitro protein evolution
Protein Eng. Des. Sel.,
March 1, 2006;
19(3):
135 - 140.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
N. Sun, A. Wang, A. B. Cowley, A. Altuve, M. Rivera, and D. R. Benson
Enhancing the stability of microsomal cytochrome b5: a rational approach informed by comparative studies with the outer mitochondrial membrane isoform
Protein Eng. Des. Sel.,
December 1, 2005;
18(12):
571 - 579.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. M.M. Van Teeffelen, K. Broersen, and H. H.J. de Jongh
Glucosylation of {beta}-lactoglobulin lowers the heat capacity change of unfolding; a unique way to affect protein thermodynamics
Protein Sci.,
August 1, 2005;
14(8):
2187 - 2194.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
B. Campanini, S. Bologna, F. Cannone, G. Chirico, A. Mozzarelli, and S. Bettati
Unfolding of Green Fluorescent Protein mut2 in wet nanoporous silica gels
Protein Sci.,
May 1, 2005;
14(5):
1125 - 1133.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
G. Zoldak, A. Zubrik, A. Musatov, M. Stupak, and E. Sedlak
Irreversible Thermal Denaturation of Glucose Oxidase from Aspergillus niger Is the Transition to the Denatured State with Residual Structure
J. Biol. Chem.,
November 12, 2004;
279(46):
47601 - 47609.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Nishida, T. Nada, and M. Terazima
Kinetics of Intermolecular Interaction during Protein Folding of Reduced Cytochrome c
Biophys. J.,
October 1, 2004;
87(4):
2663 - 2675.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. B. Cowley, M. Rivera, and D. R. Benson
Stabilizing roles of residual structure in the empty heme binding pockets and unfolded states of microsomal and mitochondrial apocytochrome b5
Protein Sci.,
September 1, 2004;
13(9):
2316 - 2329.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K. Modig, E. Kurian, F. G. Prendergast, and B. Halle
Water and urea interactions with the native and unfolded forms of a {beta}-barrel protein
Protein Sci.,
December 1, 2003;
12(12):
2768 - 2781.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. A. Schellman
Protein Stability in Mixed Solvents: A Balance of Contact Interaction and Excluded Volume
Biophys. J.,
July 1, 2003;
85(1):
108 - 125.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A.K.M.M. Mollah, R. L. Stennis, and M. C. Mossing
Stability of monomeric Cro variants: Isoenergetic transformation of a type I' to a type II' {beta}-hairpin by single amino acid replacements
Protein Sci.,
May 1, 2003;
12(5):
1126 - 1130.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Lindblom, N. Quadt, T. Marsh, D. Aeschlimann, M. Morgelin, K. Mann, P. Maurer, and M. Paulsson
The Intrinsic Factor-Vitamin B12 Receptor, Cubilin, Is Assembled into Trimers via a Coiled-coil alpha -Helix
J. Biol. Chem.,
March 5, 1999;
274(10):
6374 - 6380.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K. W. Plaxco and D. Baker
Limited internal friction in the rate-limiting step of a two-state protein folding reaction
PNAS,
November 10, 1998;
95(23):
13591 - 13596.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. Zhuang, M. N. Blackburn, and C. B. Peterson
Characterization of the Denaturation and Renaturation of Human Plasma Vitronectin. I. BIOPHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PROTEIN UNFOLDING AND MULTIMERIZATION
J. Biol. Chem.,
June 14, 1996;
271(24):
14323 - 14332.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Hall, K. Håkansson, R. W. Mason, A. Grubb, and M. Abrahamson
Structural Basis for the Biological Specificity of Cystatin C
J. Biol. Chem.,
March 10, 1995;
270(10):
5115 - 5121.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Senior, A. Olins, and D. Olins
Chromatin fragments resembling v bodies
Science,
January 17, 1975;
187(4172):
173 - 175.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Bettati, S. Benci, B. Campanini, S. Raboni, G. Chirico, S. Beretta, K. D. Schnackerz, T. L. Hazlett, E. Gratton, and A. Mozzarelli
Role of Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate in the Structural Stabilization of O-Acetylserine Sulfhydrylase
J. Biol. Chem.,
December 15, 2000;
275(51):
40244 - 40251.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
G. Gutierrez-Cruz, A. H. Van Heerden, and K. Wang
Modular Motif, Structural Folds and Affinity Profiles of the PEVK Segment of Human Fetal Skeletal Muscle Titin
J. Biol. Chem.,
March 2, 2001;
276(10):
7442 - 7449.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|
Copyright © 1966 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
|
Advertisement
Advertisement
|