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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 259, Issue 20, 12368-12376, Oct, 1984
U Lindahl, L Thunberg, G Backstrom, J Riesenfeld, K Nordling and I Bjork
Oligosaccharides with different affinities for antithrombin were isolated
following partial deaminative cleavage of pig mucosal heparin with nitrous
acid. The smallest high-affinity component obtained was previously
identified as an octasaccharide with the predominant structure: (Formula:
see text). The interaction of this octasaccharide, and of deca- and
dodecasaccharides containing the same octasaccharide sequence, with
antithrombin was studied by spectroscopic techniques. The near-ultraviolet
difference spectra, circular dichroism spectra, and fluorescence
enhancements induced by adding these oligosaccharides to antithrombin
differed only slightly from the corresponding parameters measured in the
presence of undegraded high-affinity heparin. Moreover, the binding
constants obtained for the oligosaccharides and for high-affinity heparin
were similar (1.0-2.9 X 10(7) M-1 at I = 0.3). In contrast, two
hexasaccharides corresponding to units 1-6 and 3-8, respectively, of the
above sequence showed about a 1000-fold lower affinity for antithrombin,
and also induced considerably different spectral perturbations in
antithrombin. Since the 1-6 hexasaccharide contains a reducing-terminal
anhydromannose residue instead of the N-sulfated glucosamine unit 6 of the
intact sequence, these results strongly support our previous conclusion
that the N-sulfate group at position 6 is essential to the interaction with
antithrombin. The low affinity of the hexasaccharide 3-8 provides further
evidence that a pentasaccharide sequence 2-6 constitutes the actual
antithrombin-binding region in the heparin molecule. Structural analysis of
the various oligosaccharides revealed natural variants with an N-sulfate
group substituted for the N-acetyl group at position 2. The preponderance
of N-acetyl over N-sulfate groups at this position may be rationalized in
terms of the mechanism of heparin biosynthesis, assuming that the D-gluco
configuration of unit 3 is an essential feature of the antithrombin-binding
region.
Extension and structural variability of the antithrombin-binding sequence in heparin
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