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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 259, Issue 23, 14491-14497, 12, 1984
HC Hemmings Jr, AC Nairn and P Greengard
DARPP-32 (dopamine- and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein, Mr = 32,000)
is a cytosolic neuronal phosphoprotein enriched in dopamine- innervated
brain regions which, in its phosphorylated form, acts as an inhibitor of
protein phosphatase 1. We have compared the phosphorylation of purified
DARPP-32 with that of purified phosphatase inhibitor 1, a widespread
inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1. Purified cyclic AMP-dependent protein
kinase and cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase each catalyzed the maximal
incorporation of 0.9-1.1 mol of [32P]phosphate/mol of DARPP-32 or
phosphatase inhibitor 1, with phosphorylation occurring on threonine
residues. Evidence for the existence of a single phosphorylation site in
each substrate protein was obtained by two-dimensional thin-layer
phosphopeptide mapping of thermolytic digests. Initial rate studies of the
phosphorylation of DARPP-32 yielded an apparent Km of 2.4 microM and a kcat
of 2.7 S-1 for the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein
kinase, and an apparent Km of 5.4 microM and a kcat of 2.3 S-1 for cyclic
GMP- dependent protein kinase. These in vitro results are compatible with a
physiological role for the phosphorylation of DARPP-32 by either protein
kinase in vivo. Similar studies with phosphatase inhibitor 1 yielded an
apparent Km of 5.0 microM and a kcat of 1.4 S-1 for the catalytic subunit
of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, and an apparent Km of 25.0 microM
and a kcat of 1.2 S-1 for cyclic GMP- dependent protein kinase. A synthetic
nonapeptide, corresponding to the phosphorylation site of DARPP-32, was
phosphorylated with apparent Km values of 1.12 mM and 1.86 mM and kcat
values of 0.22 S-1 and 3.4 S-1 for cyclic AMP-dependent and cyclic
GMP-dependent protein kinase, respectively.
DARPP-32, a dopamine- and adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-regulated neuronal phosphoprotein. II. Comparison of the kinetics of phosphorylation of DARPP-32 and phosphatase inhibitor 1
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