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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 260, Issue 5, 2819-2825, 03, 1985
4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole, a fluorescent probe for tubulin and microtubules
D Bonne, C Heusele, C Simon and D Pantaloni
A new fluorophor for tubulin which has permitted the monitoring of
microtubule assembly in vitro is reported. DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-
phenylindole), a fluorophor already known as a DNA intercalator, was shown
to bind specifically to a unique tubulin site as a dimer (KD(app) = 43 +/-
5 microM at 37 degrees C) or to tubulin associated in microtubules (KD(app)
= 6 +/- 2 microM at 37 degrees C) with the same maximum enhancement in
fluorescence. When tubulin polymerization was induced with GTP, the change
in DAPI affinity for tubulin resulted in an enhancement of DAPI binding
and, consequently, of fluorescence intensity. DAPI, whose binding site is
different from that of colchicine, vinblastine, or taxol, did not interfere
greatly with microtubule polymerization. It induced a slight diminution of
the critical concentration for tubulin assembly due to a decrease in the
depolymerizing rate constant. Moreover, DAPI did not interfere with GTP
hydrolysis correlated with tubulin polymerization, but it decreased the
GTPase activity at the steady state of tubulin assembly. Even at
substoichiometric levels DAPI can be used to follow the kinetics of
microtubule assembly.

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Copyright © 1985 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
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