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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 262, Issue 31, 15041-15047, 11, 1987
DF Babcock and DR Pfeiffer
Previous work (Babcock, D. F., Rufo, G. A., and Lardy, H.A. (1983) Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 1327-1331) established that increased cytosolic
pH (pHi) promotes metabolic and swimming activity of bull sperm and that
intracellular alkalinization results from elevated extracellular K+,
presumably as a consequence of membrane depolarization. The present studies
show that a persistent but reversible increase in [Ca2+]i accompanies the
increase in pHi that similarly results from treatment of ram sperm with
elevated [K+] in alkaline media. Because comparable increases in pHi occur
in the presence or absence of external Ca2+ and because [Ca2+]i is
unaltered by imposed changes in pHi alone, [Ca2+]i and pHi apparently are
neither directly linked by transmembrane Ca2+/H+ exchange nor indirectly
linked through Na+/H+ and Na+/Ca2+ exchange under these conditions.
Instead, inhibition of K+-induced increases in [Ca2+]i (but not of
increases in pHi) by prenylamine, diltiazem, nifedipine, or verapamil (C1/2
= 6, 20, 30, and 60 microM, respectively) indicates that voltage-dependent
Ca2+ channels, distinct from previously described voltage-dependent
effectors of pHi, operate in mammalian sperm to control [Ca2+]i. Treatment
with Cs+ plus valinomycin (as an alternative method of membrane
depolarization) increases pHi much more effectively than it increases
[Ca2+]i, and thus also partially supports this contention. In contrast to
an apparent insensitivity to pHi, K+-dependent increases in [Ca2+]i are
promoted reversibly by elevation of pHo, probably reflecting local surface
charge effects on channel activity (as suggested by patch-clamp studies in
other systems). A selective increase in membrane permeability to Ca2+ that
is induced by 12 mM NaF under nondepolarizing conditions is not a
consequence of cellular aggregation, but is attenuated by the chelator
deferoxamine, suggesting that GTP-binding protein additionally may couple
sperm Ca2+ channels to surface receptors and promote channel opening during
sperm capacitation, presumably in response to agonists produced within the
mammalian female reproductive tract.
Independent elevation of cytosolic [Ca2+] and pH of mammalian sperm by voltage-dependent and pH-sensitive mechanisms
Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin 55912.
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