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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 263, Issue 20, 9668-9673, Jul, 1988
J Bubis, JJ Neitzel, LD Saraswat and SS Taylor
Each regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase has two tandem
cAMP-binding sites, A and B, at the carboxyl terminus. Based on sequence
homologies with the cAMP-binding domain of the Escherichia coli catabolite
gene activator protein, a model has been constructed for each cAMP-binding
domain. Two of the conserved features of each cAMP-binding site are an
arginine and a glutamic acid which interact with the negatively charged
phosphate and with the 2'-OH on the ribose ring, respectively. In the type
I regulatory subunit, this arginine in cAMP binding site A is Arg-209.
Recombinant DNA techniques have been used to change this arginine to a
lysine. The resulting protein binds cAMP with a high affinity and
associates with the catalytic subunit to form holoenzyme. The mutant
holoenzyme also is activated by cAMP. However, the mutant R-subunit binds
only 1 mol of cAMP/R-monomer. Photoaffinity labeling confirmed that the
mutant R-subunit has only one functional cAMP-binding site. In contrast to
the native R-subunit which is labeled at Trp-260 and Tyr-371 by 8-N3cAMP,
the mutant R-subunit is convalently modified at a single site, Tyr-371,
which correlates with a functional cAMP-binding site B. The lack of
functional cAMP-binding site A also was confirmed by activating the mutant
holoenzyme with analogs of cAMP which have a high specificity for either
site A or site B. 8-NH2-methyl cAMP which preferentially binds to site B
was similar to cAMP in its ability to activate both mutant and wild type
holoenzyme whereas N6-monobutyryl cAMP, a site A-specific analog, was a
very poor activator of the mutant holoenzyme. The results support the
conclusions that 1) Arg-209 is essential for cAMP binding to site A and 2)
cAMP binding to domain A is not essential for dissociation of the mutant
holoenzyme.
A point mutation abolishes binding of cAMP to site A in the regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase
Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093.
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