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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 263, Issue 24, 11750-11754, 08, 1988
JD Finkelstein, JJ Martin and BJ Harris
Cystine can replace approximately 70% of the dietary requirement for
methionine. We used standard enzyme assays, determinations of the hepatic
concentrations of metabolites and an in vitro system which simulates the
regulatory site formed by the enzymes which utilize homocysteine in this
study of the mechanism for this adaptation. A significant alteration in the
pattern of hepatic homocysteine metabolism occurs following the
substitution of cystine for methionine. The major change is a marked
reduction in the synthesis of cystathionine. Decreases in both the level of
cystathionine synthase and in the concentration of adenosyl-methionine, a
positive effector of the enzyme, explain this finding. Despite significant
increases in the hepatic levels of betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase
and methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase, flow through
these reactions remains relatively constant. The betaine enzyme may be
essential for efficient methionine conservation. In the absence of choline,
cystine cannot replace methionine in an adequate diet limited in the latter
amino acid.
Methionine metabolism in mammals. The methionine-sparing effect of cystine
Veterans Administration Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20422.
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