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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 263, Issue 25, 12175-12178, Sep, 1988
A Persechini and RH Kretsinger
Using site-directed mutagenesis we have created an altered calmodulin in
which Gln-3 and Thr-146 have both been replaced by cysteines. We have
reacted this protein with the bifunctional reagent, bismaleimidohexane,
forming an intramolecular cross-link between the two cysteines. In the
crystal structure of native calmodulin alpha- carbons at positions 3 and
146 are 37 A apart. In the bismaleimidohexane cross-linked protein these
atoms can be no more than 19 A apart, and model building studies indicate
that there is probably a bend in the central helix of calmodulin. A second
modified calmodulin was generated by cleaving the central helix of the
cross-linked protein at Lys-77 with trypsin. In this molecule, the two
lobes of calmodulin are joined solely by the bismaleimidohexane cross-link,
which bridges Cys-3 and Cys-146. Vm and Kact values for activation of
myosin light chain kinase activity by the cross-linked and
cross-linked/trypsinized proteins are not significantly different from
those for the control protein. This result indicates that one role for the
central helix may be to serve as a flexible tether between the calmodulin
lobes. This is consistent with a model calmodulin-enzyme complex in which
the central helix is bent, and the two lobes exert a concerted effect. A
detailed model of this type has been proposed for the calmodulin-myosin
light chain kinase complex (Persechini, A. and Kretsinger, R.H. (1988) J.
Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., in press).
The central helix of calmodulin functions as a flexible tether
Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22901.
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