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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 263, Issue 28, 14067-14073, Oct, 1988
K Palczewski, JH McDowell and PA Hargrave
Rhodopsin kinase was purified to near homogeneity by affinity binding to
light-exposed rod cell outer segment membranes, followed by DEAE- cellulose
and hydroxyapatite chromatography. This resulted in a 1055- fold
purification of highly active rhodopsin kinase with an overall recovery of
19%. Rhodopsin kinase is a single polypeptide chain with Mr = 67,000-70,000
as determined by gel filtration and SDS-PAGE. The kinetic parameters of the
enzyme for freshly bleached rhodopsin are Km = 4 microM and Vmax = 700
nmol/min/mg whereas for ATP Km = 2 microM (which is a low value for kinases
generally, and about 20 times lower than comparable measurements for a
kinase of a similar type, the beta- adrenergic-receptor kinase (Benovic,
J.L., Mayor, F. Jr., Staniszewski, C., Lefkowitz, R.J., and Caron, M.G.
(1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 9026- 9032). GTP, on the other hand, is a very
poor substrate (Km = 1 mM, Vmax = 10 nmol/min/mg). Rhodopsin kinase is
competitively inhibited by adenosine and its mono- and diphosphate
derivatives, but not by most other adenosine derivatives. Based upon
measurements with 28 nucleotide derivatives, the ATP-binding site of
rhodopsin kinase appears to have more specific requirements than that for
other kinases. Compounds such as cGMP, inositol trisphosphate, and others
that change concentration during exposure of rod cells to light have only
minor inhibitory effects on the kinase activity, with the exception of
inositol monophosphate, which can activate the kinase about 20% at 50-100
microM. Rhodopsin kinase has been difficult to store with retention of
activity, but can be successfully stored frozen at -20 degrees C in 20%
adonitol.
Purification and characterization of rhodopsin kinase
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610- 0284.
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