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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 263, Issue 5, 2127-2133, Feb, 1988
RO Heuckeroth, DA Towler, SP Adams, L Glaser and JI Gordon
Department of Biological Chemistry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110.
The covalent attachment of myristic acid to the NH2-terminal glycine residue of proteins is catalyzed by the enzyme myristoyl CoA:protein N- myristoyltransferase (NMT). Using synthetic octapeptide substrates we have identified and characterized an NMT activity in wheat germ lysates used for cell-free translation of exogenous mRNAs. C-12 and C-14 fatty acids are efficiently transferred to the peptides by this plant NMT, but C-10 and C-16 fatty acids are not. Glycine is required as the NH2- terminal residue: peptides with an NH2-terminal alanine were not substrates. Peptides with proline, aspartic acid, or tyrosine residues adjacent to the NH2-terminal glycine were also not myristoylated. Serine in the fifth position reduced the peptide's Km up to 4000-fold. We have chemically synthesized a sulfur analogue of myristate, 11- (ethylthio)undecanoic acid. Its CoA ester is as good a substrate as myristoyl-CoA for both wheat germ and yeast NMT. Peptides linked to 11- (ethylthio)undecanoic acid are less hydrophobic than the corresponding myristoylpeptides. 11-(Ethylthio)-undecanoic acid may, therefore, help define the role of myristic acid in targeting of acyl proteins within cells.
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