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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 264, Issue 25, 14797-14805, Sep, 1989
MH Lee and RM Bell
The specificity of the phospholipid cofactor requirement of rat brain
protein kinase C was investigated using Triton X-100 mixed micellar
methods. Sixteen analogues of phosphatidylserine were prepared and tested
for their ability to support protein kinase C activity, [3H]phorbol
12,13-dibutyrate binding, and protein kinase C binding to mixed micelles.
Phosphatidylserinol, -L-serine methyl ester, -N-acetyl- L-serine,
-2-hydroxyacetate, -3-hydroxypropionate, and -4- hydroxybutyrate did not
activate protein kinase C in mixed micelles containing 2 mol % of
sn-1,2-dioleoylglycerol. This indicates that both the carboxyl and amino
moieties are important for activation. Phosphatidyl-D-serine and
-L-homoserine were incapable of supporting full activation; this
demonstrates stereospecificity and the importance of the distance between
the phosphate and carboxyl and amino moieties. Since
1,2-rac-phosphatidyl-L-serine and 1,3-phosphatidyl-L-serine fully supported
protein kinase C activity, the stereochemistry within the glycerol backbone
at the interface was not necessary for maximal activation. Neither
lysophosphatidyl-L-serine nor 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-
glycero-3-phospho-L-serine supported protein kinase C activity implying
that the interfacial conformation is critical to the activation process.
The phospholipid dependencies of [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding and
of protein kinase C binding to mixed micelles containing sn-
1,2-dioleoylglycerol did not mirror those for activation. The data
demonstrate that protein kinase C possesses a high degree of specificity
with respect to phospholipid activation and implicate several functional
groups within the phospho-L-serine polar head group in binding and
activation.
Phospholipid functional groups involved in protein kinase C activation, phorbol ester binding, and binding to mixed micelles
Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
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