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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 265, Issue 14, 7994-8000, May, 1990
MJ Charron and BB Kahn
Glucose homeostasis depends on regulated changes in glucose transport in
insulin-responsive tissues (e.g. muscle and adipose cells). This transport
is mediated by at least two distinct glucose transporters: "adipose-muscle"
and "erythrocyte-brain." To understand the molecular basis for in vivo
insulin resistance we investigated the effects of fasting and refeeding on
the expression of these two glucose transporters in adipose cells and
skeletal muscle. In vivo insulin resistance seen with fasting and
hyperresponsiveness seen with refeeding influence glucose transporter
expression in a transporter- specific and tissue-specific manner. In
adipose cells only the adipose- muscle glucose transporter mRNA and protein
decrease dramatically with fasting and increase above control levels with
refeeding, changes that parallel effects on insulin-stimulated glucose
transport. In contrast, in muscle expression of both glucose transporters
increase with fasting and return to control levels with refeeding, also in
accordance with changes in glucose uptake in vitro. Although expression of
the adipose- muscle glucose transporter predicts the physiological response
at the tissue level, factors in the hormonal/metabolic milieu appear to
override its increased expression in muscle resulting in insulin- resistant
glucose uptake in this tissue in vivo.
Divergent molecular mechanisms for insulin-resistant glucose transport in muscle and adipose cells in vivo
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142.
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