HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Binz, T. Articles by Niemann, H. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Binz, T. Articles by Niemann, H. Social Bookmarking                      What's this?

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 265, Issue 16, 9153-9158, Jun, 1990

The complete sequence of botulinum neurotoxin type A and comparison with other clostridial neurotoxins

T Binz, H Kurazono, M Wille, J Frevert, K Wernars and H Niemann
Institut fur Medizinische Virologie der Justus-Liebig-Universitat, Giessen, Federal Republic of Germany.

The seven serologically different botulinum neurotoxins are highly potent protein toxins that inhibit neurotransmitter release from peripheral cholinergic synapses. The activated toxins consist of the toxifying A-subunits (Mr approximately 50,000) linked by a disulfide bond to the receptor-binding BC-subunits (Mr approximately 100,000). We have established the complete sequence of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A; 1,296 amino acid residues, Mr = 149,425) and a partial sequence of botulinum neurotoxin type E (273 amino acid residues) as deduced from the corresponding nucleotide sequences of the chromosomally located structural genes. The promoter of the BoNT/A gene is inactive in Escherichia coli. Primer extension experiments indicated that initiation of transcription of the BoNT/A gene occurred 118 nucleotides upstream from the ATG codon. A comparison of the protein sequence revealed an overall identity of 33.8% to that of tetanus toxin. No significant similarity to other known proteins including ADP- ribosylating toxins could be detected. Three of the six histidine residues of the A-subunit of BoNT/A were found in the peptide sequence H223ELIHXXH230 within a domain of predicted alpha-helical secondary structure. This motif is also found in similar positions of the A- subunits of tetanus toxin and BoNT/E.
CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				Y. Jin, Y. Takegahara, Y. Sugawara, T. Matsumura, and Y. Fujinaga Disruption of the epithelial barrier by botulinum haemagglutinin (HA) proteins - differences in cell tropism and the mechanism of action between HA proteins of types A or B, and HA proteins of type C Microbiology, January 1, 2009; 155(1): 35 - 45. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Galloux, H. Vitrac, C. Montagner, S. Raffestin, M. R. Popoff, A. Chenal, V. Forge, and D. Gillet Membrane Interaction of Botulinum Neurotoxin A Translocation (T) Domain: THE BELT REGION IS A REGULATORY LOOP FOR MEMBRANE INTERACTION J. Biol. Chem., October 10, 2008; 283(41): 27668 - 27676. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Chen, H. Korkeala, J. Aarnikunnas, and M. Lindstrom Sequencing the Botulinum Neurotoxin Gene and Related Genes in Clostridium botulinum Type E Strains Reveals orfx3 and a Novel Type E Neurotoxin Subtype J. Bacteriol., December 1, 2007; 189(23): 8643 - 8650. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. K. Sharma, Joseph. L. Ferreira, B. S. Eblen, and R. C. Whiting Detection of Type A, B, E, and F Clostridium botulinum Neurotoxins in Foods by Using an Amplified Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay with Digoxigenin-Labeled Antibodies Appl. Envir. Microbiol., February 1, 2006; 72(2): 1231 - 1238. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. J. Smith, J. Lou, I. N. Geren, C. M. Forsyth, R. Tsai, S. L. LaPorte, W. H. Tepp, M. Bradshaw, E. A. Johnson, L. A. Smith, et al. Sequence Variation within Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotypes Impacts Antibody Binding and Neutralization Infect. Immun., September 1, 2005; 73(9): 5450 - 5457. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Lindstrom, R. Keto, A. Markkula, M. Nevas, S. Hielm, and H. Korkeala Multiplex PCR Assay for Detection and Identification of Clostridium botulinum Types A, B, E, and F in Food and Fecal Material Appl. Envir. Microbiol., December 1, 2001; 67(12): 5694 - 5699. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. S. Lee, P. Pushko, M. D. Parker, M. T. Dertzbaugh, L. A. Smith, and J. F. Smith Candidate Vaccine against Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A Derived from a Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Vector System Infect. Immun., September 1, 2001; 69(9): 5709 - 5715. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G Lalli, J Herreros, S. Osborne, C Montecucco, O Rossetto, and G Schiavo Functional characterisation of tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins binding domains J. Cell Sci., January 8, 1999; 112(16): 2715 - 2724. [Abstract] [PDF]

				R. E. Shapiro, C. D. Specht, B. E. Collins, A. S. Woods, R. J. Cotter, and R. L. Schnaar Identification of a Ganglioside Recognition Domain of Tetanus Toxin Using a Novel Ganglioside Photoaffinity Ligand J. Biol. Chem., November 28, 1997; 272(48): 30380 - 30386. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]