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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 265, Issue 4, 2338-2346, 02, 1990
LV Mendelman, J Petruska and MF Goodman
A polyacrylamide gel assay is used to measure the kinetics of adding a
single deoxyribonucleotide onto either a correctly matched or mismatched
primer 3' terminus (on M13 template) for all possible DNA base pairs and
mispairs using Drosophila melanogaster DNA polymerase alpha (Pol alpha) and
avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase. The reverse transcriptase
catalyzes chain extension from transition mispairs (Pur.Pyr and Pyr.Pur,
where Pur is purine and Pyr is pyrimidine) more efficiently than polymerase
alpha. Reverse transcriptase extends G(primer).T almost 20% as efficiently
as it extends A.T, while Pol alpha's G.T extension efficiency is less than
1%. For transversion mispairs (Pur.Pur and Pyr.Pyr), reverse transcriptase
extends C.T and T.T with greater efficiency than polymerase alpha, while
polymerase alpha is more efficient at extending A.G and G.G mispairs.
Reverse transcriptase and polymerase alpha extend the G.G mispair at an
efficiency of only 10(-6) and 10(-5), respectively, compared with G.C
extension. The extension data for the two polymerases are compared with
previously reported nucleotide misinsertion data for the same enzymes
(Mendelman, L. V., Boosalis, M. S., Petruska, J., and Goodman, M. F. (1989)
J. Biol. Chem. 264, 14415- 14423). While the results obtained with reverse
transcriptase and Pol alpha differ in detail, some general rules are
indicated: (a) Pur.Pyr and Pyr.Pur mispairs, especially G.T and T.G, are
easy to insert and even easier to extend; (b) Pyr.Pyr mispairs, especially
C.C, are difficult to insert and slightly easier to extend; (c) Pur.Pur
mispairs, notably G.G, are harder to extend than to insert. The comparison
also shows that reverse transcriptase extends almost all mismatches more
efficiently than it forms them, G.G being the only mismatch having a
significantly lower efficiency of extension than insertion. Polymerase
alpha inserts A.A mismatches most efficiently, but extends them
inefficiently, thereby reducing the probability that such transversion
mutations will occur in vivo. We show theoretically that when mispaired
primers compete with properly matched primers for extension by polymerase,
the relative velocities of extension depend on the concentration of the
next correct dNTP substrate. The extension velocities depart from
Michaelis-Menten kinetics by exhibiting positive cooperativity with respect
to substrate concentration.
Base mispair extension kinetics. Comparison of DNA polymerase alpha and reverse transcriptase
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90089-1340.
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