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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 266, Issue 10, 6106-6112, Apr, 1991

Interactions between lac repressor protein and site-specific bromodeoxyuridine-substituted operator DNA. Ultraviolet footprinting and protein-DNA cross-link formation

KL Wick and KS Matthews
Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251.

Specific contacts between the lac repressor and operator have been explored using 5-bromodeoxyuridine-substituted DNA. Substitution of BrdU for single thymidine positions in a synthetic 40-base pair operator provides substrate for ultraviolet irradiation; upon irradiation, strand scission occurs at the BrdU residues. When bound, lac repressor protein provides protection against UV-induced breakage depending on the nature of the sites and type of interaction. We have confirmed 13 unique sites of inducer-sensitive protection along the operator sequence using this method compared to complete substitution with BrdU; differences were observed at two positions for singly substituted versus completely substituted DNAs (Ogata, R., and Gilbert, W. (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74, 4973-4976). The ability of these photosensitive DNAs to form short range cross-links to bound protein has been used to determine the efficiency with which cross- linked protein-DNA complexes are generated at each individual site of BrdU substitution. Five sites of high efficiency cross-linking to the repressor protein have been identified. At one site, cross-linking without protection from strand scission was observed; this result suggests an unusual mechanism of strand scission and/or cross-linking at this site. Comparison of the UV protection results and the cross- linking data show that these processes provide complementary tools for identifying and analyzing individual protein-DNA contacts.
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M. Willis, B. Hicke, O. Uhlenbeck, T. Cech, and T. Koch
Photocrosslinking of 5-iodouracil-substituted RNA and DNA to proteins
Science, November 19, 1993; 262(5137): 1255 - 1257.
[Abstract] [PDF]




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