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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 266, Issue 33, 22075-22078, 11, 1991

Creation of "super" glucocorticoid receptors by point mutations in the steroid binding domain

PK Chakraborti, MJ Garabedian, KR Yamamoto and SS Simons Jr
Steroid Hormones Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.

Almost all modifications of the steroid binding domain of glucocorticoid receptors are known to cause a reduction or loss of steroid binding activity. Nonetheless, we now report that mutations of cysteine 656 of the rat receptor, which was previously suspected to be a crucial amino acid for the binding process, have produced "super" receptors. These receptors displayed an increased affinity for glucocorticoid steroids and a decreased relative affinity for cross- reacting steroids such as progesterone and aldosterone. The increased in vitro affinity of the super receptors was maintained in a whole cell bioassay. These results indicate that additional modifications of the glucocorticoid receptor, and probably the other steroid receptors, may further increase the binding affinity and/or specificity.
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