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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 267, Issue 4, 2282-2286, Feb, 1992
MA Phillips, BE Stewart and RH Rice
The gene for keratinocyte transglutaminase (TGK) spans 14 kilobase pairs
and contains 15 exons. Many features of the TGK gene are very similar, if
not identical, to those of the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of human
clotting factor XIII: they have the same number of exons, corresponding
introns always interrupt the coding region in the same phase of the codon,
and most exons are of similar size (10 or 15 are exactly the same size). In
these respects, the TGK and factor XIII catalytic subunit genes resemble
each other more than either resembles the gene for erythrocyte band 4.2, a
noncatalytic transglutaminase superfamily member. Exon II in both the TGK
and factor XIII genes encodes an amino-terminal extension of nonhomologous
sequence which in each protein confers a specialized function (membrane
anchorage or activation of cross-linking, respectively). This suggests that
the evolution of these genes included recruitment of a new exon to modify
the enzyme action. Southern blots of genomic DNA reveal the presence of a
TGK-like gene in birds, amphibians, and fish, but not in flies.
Genomic structure of keratinocyte transglutaminase. Recruitment of new exon for modified function
Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis 95616-8588.
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