J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 268, Issue 31, 23031-23040, 11, 1993
Oxygen equilibrium studies of cross-linked iron-cobalt hybrid hemoglobins. Models for partially ligated intermediates of cobalt hemoglobin
A Tsuneshige, YX Zhou and T Yonetani
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6089.
To probe the molecular mechanism of allosteric function of cobaltous
protoporphyrin-substituted hemoglobin (CoHb), a series of alpha, alpha-
cross-linked symmetric and asymmetric Fe-Co hybrid hemoglobins, which
contain (1Co porphyrin/3Fe porphyrins), (2Co porphyrins/2Fe porphyrins),
and (3Co porphyrins/1Fe porphyrin) per tetramer, have been prepared.
Because only Fe porphyrin-containing subunits react with CO, these Fe-Co
hybrids are converted to mono-, di-, and tri-CO-ligated states in the
presence of CO, respectively, and are proposed to stand as models for
mono-, di-, and tri-ligated intermediates of CoHb, respectively. The oxygen
binding properties of these Fe-Co hybrids were investigated by measuring
oxygen binding isotherms in the presence of CO as a function of pH in the
presence and absence of IHP. The ligation of CO to a beta subunit causes
larger changes in the oxygen affinity and the Bohr effect than that to an
alpha subunit, indicating that the ligation to a beta subunit induces
larger affinity-related structural changes in cross-linked CoHb. Di- and
tri-CO-ligated intermediates exhibited substantially increased oxygen
affinity, reduced Bohr effect, and reduced IHP effect, indicating that they
are in high affinity states. Calculation of the Adair equilibrium constants
for the first and last oxygenation steps for each of these intermediates
permitted the determination of the level of free energy of cooperation. The
intermediately ligated species of cross-linked CoHb are distributed in
multiple levels of free energy of cooperation within the free energy
difference of 1.14 kcal mol-1 between deoxy and fully ligated states of
cross-linked CoHb at pH 7.4. The ligation process in CoHb is determined by
the number and distribution of the bound ligands, and ligation takes place
through steps that require minimal free energy changes.