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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 269, Issue 31, 19859-19867, Aug, 1994
PD Kassner, S Kawaguchi and ME Hemler
Previously, we found that deletion of the integrin alpha 4 and alpha 2
subunit cytoplasmic domains, just after the conserved GFFKR motif, causes a
loss of adhesive activity mediated by VLA-4 or VLA-2, respectively
(Kassner, P.D., and Hemler, M. E. (1993) J. Exp. Med. 178, 649-60;
Kawaguchi, S., and Hemler, M. E. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 16279-12685).
Here, we show for alpha 4 and alpha 2 chains (expressed in MIP101 and
Chinese hamster ovary cells) that adding only 3-4 amino acids after the
GFFKR motif restores substantial adhesive activity and that 5-7 amino acids
confers maximal adhesive activity (to VCAM-1, CS1 peptide, or collagen,
respectively). Point mutations within the most critical 5 alpha 4 residues
had no effect on alpha 4 adhesive activity, nor did exchange of the alpha 4
tail with that of alpha 2. Thus, only a short and relatively nonspecific
stretch of alpha chain cytoplasmic domain amino acids may be required to
achieve maximal integrin adhesive activity. Also, comprehensive divalent
cation titration assays revealed (i) that deletion of alpha chain
cytoplasmic domains caused a marked decrease in the efficiency of divalent
cation utilization during cell adhesion assays and (ii) that cytoplasmic
domain deletion effects could be either suppressed or accentuated depending
on the type and amount of divalent cation and the cellular environment
utilized. Notably, integrin alpha chain tail deletions did not appear to
alter the intrinsic ability to interact with ligand because deletion
effects were minimal in the presence of metabolic energy inhibitors and
were absent during cell-free ligand binding assays.
Minimum alpha chain cytoplasmic tail sequence needed to support integrin-mediated adhesion
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
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