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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 269, Issue 37, 23039-23044, 09, 1994
P Yang, D Major and U Rutishauser
Previous studies have shown that the polysialic acid (PSA) moiety
associated with the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) has strong
antiadhesive properties that can influence a variety of cell-cell
interactions. Based on the size and structure of this long linear
homopolymer, we have proposed that the activity of PSA results from its
physical properties. In the present study, the premise that the charge and
hydration properties of PSA underlie its effects on membrane vesicle
aggregation is investigated through the manipulation of ionic strength. The
results establish that the antiadhesive properties of PSA are accentuated
at low ionic strength, where charge and hydration cause expansion of the
polymer size, and are absent at high ionic strengths, where the polymer
size collapses. These large effects of PSA on aggregation were shown not to
result from changes in the osmolarity of the solvent or from the relatively
small effect of ionic strength on the intrinsic functional properties of
the adhesion receptors. In addition to this influence on overall
membrane-membrane interaction, PSA was found to have a highly localized and
ionic strength-sensitive effect on the binding of monoclonal antibodies to
NCAM. Together these results suggest that the charge and hydration
properties of PSA can impede both molecular interactions between apposing
membranes and more direct contact of NCAM with other proteins at the cell
surface.
Role of charge and hydration in effects of polysialic acid on molecular interactions on and between cell membranes
Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106.
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