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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 269, Issue 4, 2452-2460, Jan, 1994
GL Robinson, M Peshavaria, E Henderson, SY Shieh, MJ Tsai, G Teitelman and R Stein
Cell type-specific expression of the major differentiated products of alpha
(glucagon) and beta (insulin) cells are regulated by sequences found within
their 5'-flanking region. Specific transcription of the insulin gene
appears to be principally controlled by a single cis- acting DNA element,
termed the insulin control element (ICE). The ICE activator acts in
combination with other positive regulatory factors that interact within
this region to generate the correct, cell type- specific expression. In the
present study, we show that the ICE activator is not only present but is
functionally active in the islet glucagon-producing alpha cell line, alpha
TC6. Analysis of the expression of various transfected insulin enhancer
expression plasmids demonstrated that the insulin enhancer is active in
alpha TC6 cells, although at a lower level than in beta cells. The reduced
transcription from these constructs appears to be a consequence of the lack
of other essential positive regulator(s). The alpha TC6 cells were also
shown to display neuronal-like properties. Since islet cells appear to
evolve from an alpha-like precursor cell that transiently expresses
neuronal cell markers, these results would indicate that the ICE activator
factor is induced before transcription of the insulin gene in the
developing islet.
Expression of the trans-active factors that stimulate insulin control element-mediated activity appear to precede insulin gene transcription
Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232.
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