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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 269, Issue 52, 32947-32956, 12, 1994
JR Cardinaux, S Chapel and W Wahli
Vitellogenin genes are expressed specifically in the liver of female
oviparous vertebrates under the strict control of estrogen. To explain this
tissue-specific expression, we performed a detailed analysis of the Xenopus
laevis vitellogenin gene B1 promoter by DNase I footprinting and gel
mobility-shift assays. We characterized five binding sites for the
ubiquitous factor CTF/NF-I. Two of these sites are close to the TATA-box,
whereas the others are located on both sides of the estrogen responsive
unit formed by two imperfect estrogen response elements. Moreover two
liver-enriched factors, C/EBP and HNF3, were found to interact with
multiple closely spaced proximal promoter elements in the first 100 base
pairs upstream of the TATA-box. To confirm the physiological significance
of this in vitro analysis, in vivo DNase I footprinting experiments were
carried out using the ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction
technique. The various cis- elements characterized in vitro as binding
sites for known transcription factors and more particularly for
liver-enriched transcription factors are efficiently recognized in vivo as
well, suggesting that they play an important role in the control of the
liver- specific vitellogenin gene B1 expression.
Complex organization of CTF/NF-I, C/EBP, and HNF3 binding sites within the promoter of the liver-specific vitellogenin gene
Institut de Biologie Animale, Universite de Lausanne, Switzerland.
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