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Volume 270, Number 10, Issue of March 10, 1995 pp. 5331-5338
©1995 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
Mechanism Of Cell Surface Activation Of 72-kDa Type IV Collagenase
ISOLATION OF THE ACTIVATED FORM OF THE MEMBRANE METALLOPROTEASE

(Received for publication, September 14, 1994; and in revised form, November 28, 1994)

Alex Y. Strongin ,  Ivan Collier,  Gregory Bannikov ,  Barry L. Marmer,  Gregory A. Grant ,  Gregory I. Goldberg

Matrix metalloproteases are secreted by mammalian cells as zymogens and, upon activation, initiate tissue remodeling by proteolytic degradation of collagens and proteoglycans. Activation of the secreted proenzymes and interaction with their specific inhibitors determine the net enzymatic activity in the extracellular space. We have previously demonstrated that 72T4Cl can be activated by a plasma membrane-dependent mechanism specific for this enzyme. Here, we report purification of the membrane activator of 72T4Cl, which is a new metalloprotease identical to a recently cloned membrane-type matrix metalloprotease (MT-MMP). We demonstrate that activated MT-MMP acts as a cell surface tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease 2 (TIMP-2) receptor with K = 2.54 times 10M. The activatorbulletTlMP-2 complex in turn acts as a receptor for 72T4Cl (K = 0.56 times 10M), binding to the carboxyl-end domain of the enzyme. Activation of 72T4Cl on the cell membrane provides a basic mechanism for spatially regulated extracellular proteolysis and presents a new target for prognosis and treatment of metastatic disease. The activator, purified as a tri-molecular complex of MT-MMPbulletTIMP2bulletcarboxyl-end domain of 72T4Cl, is itself an activated form of MT-MMP, posing the following question: what is the mechanism of the activator's activation?



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