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Volume 270, Number 11, Issue of March 17, 1995 pp. 5963-5978
©1995 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
Inhibition of HIV-1 Replication and Activation of RNase L by Phosphorothioate/Phosphodiester 2`,5`-Oligoadenylate Derivatives

(Received for publication, November 9, 1994; and in revised form, January 4, 1995)

Robert W. Sobol Earl E. Henderson Ning Kon Jie Shao Patricia Hitzges Eli Mordechai Nancy L. Reichenbach Ramamurthy Charubala Helga Schirmeister Wolfgang Pfleiderer Robert J. Suhadolnik

2`,5`-Oligoadenylate (2-5A) derivatives have been designed to act distal to the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-induced blockade in the 2-5A synthetase/RNase L antiviral pathway. Stereochemical modification of individual internucleotide linkages of the 2-5A molecule was accomplished by phosphoramidite and phosphotriester chemical syntheses. Phosphorothioate/phosphodiester trimer and tetramer 2-5A derivatives revealed differences in the stereodynamics of activation of RNase L and inhibition of HIV-1 replication. The first and second internucleotide linkages are critical for activation of recombinant, human RNase L; A(R(p))ApA, A(S(p))ApA and ApA(R(p))A are agonists (IC = 2 times 10, 2 times 10, and 8 times 10M); ApA(S(p))A is an antagonist. The second and third internucleotide linkages are crucial for activation of murine RNase L; ApA(R(p))A, ApA(R(p))ApA, and ApApA(R(p))A are agonists (IC = 5 times 10M); ApA(S(p))A, ApA(S(p))ApA, and ApApA(S(p))A are antagonists. Inhibition of HIV-1-induced syncytia formation by the phosphorothioate/phosphodiester derivatives is specific for derivatives with substitution at the 2`,3`-terminus. ApA(R(p))A, ApA(S(p))A, ApApA(R(p))A, and ApApA(S(p))A are potent inhibitors of HIV-1-induced syncytia formation (80-, 10-, 40-, and 15-fold more inhibitory, respectively, than solvent control). HIV-1 infection results in enhanced uptake and accumulation of ApA(R(p))A and ApA(S(p))A (7- and 10-fold, respectively). These stereochemically modified 2-5A derivatives are taken up preferentially by HIV-1-infected cells and show promise in anti-HIV-1 chemotherapy.




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