ABSTRACT

The tumor suppressor p53 protein possesses activities typical of eukaryotic transcriptional activators; p53 binds to specific DNA sequences and stimulates transcription of the target genes. By a series of deletion and domain-swapping studies, we report here that (i) p53 has two auxiliary domains, which have little effect on the DNA binding activity of its core domain but are capable of modulating its transactivation activity in a target site-dependent manner; (ii) p53 contains two cell-specific transcriptional inhibitory domains, I1 and I2, which are active in Saos-2 and HeLa cells but not in HepG2 and Hep3B cells; and (iii) I1 inhibits the activity of several structurally different activating regions. These results demonstrate that the apparent transcriptional activity of p53 is determined by collaborations among its regulatory domains, its target sites, and the cellular environment.

FOOTNOTES

*

This work was supported by grants from the Academia Sinica and National Science Council of Taiwan (to Y. S. L.) and by grants from the National Science Council and Dept. of Health of Taiwan (to M. Y. L.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore by hereby marked ``advertisement'' in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

§

To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 886-2-7899133; Fax: 886-2-7853569.

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The abbreviations used are: PRE, p53-responsive elements; RCA, relative CAT activity; NLS, nuclear localization signals; CAT, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase; ND and CD mutants, amino- and carboxyl-terminal deletion mutants, respectively.

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