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(Received for publication, October 25,
1994; and in revised form, December 28, 1994) We have previously reported the presence of an endogenous
inhibitory activity in bovine brain for the ADP-ribosylation of
GTP-binding proteins catalyzed by pertussis toxin (PT) (Hara-Yokoyama,
M., and Furuyama, S.(1989) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 160,
67-71). In the present study, we identified the inhibitor as a
ganglioside. The screening of various gangliosides revealed that
G
Volume 270,
Number 14,
Issue of April 7, 1995 pp. 8115-8121
©1995 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
most effectively inhibited the
ADP-ribosyltransferase activities of both the holoenzyme and the
catalytic subunit of PT. G
is a ganglioside newly
identified as one of the antigens recognized by the cholinergic
neuron-specific antibody, anti-Chol-1
(Hirabayashi, Y., Nakao, T.,
Irie, F., Whittaker, V.P., Kon, K., and Ando, S.(1992) J. Biol.
Chem. 267, 12973-12978). G
also inhibited
the PT-catalyzed NAD
glycohydrolysis. Unlike PT
activity, the ADP-ribosylation and the NAD
glycohydrolysis catalyzed by the C3 exoenzyme from Clostridium botulinum type C were inhibited by G
and G
. The ADP-ribosylation catalyzed by either PT
or the C3 exoenzyme was not inhibited by ceramide, galactocerebroside,
or sialic acid. In addition to the inhibitory action of gangliosides on
ADP-ribosylation, the importance of gangliosides as regulators of
NAD
metabolism is discussed.
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