Stimulation of macrophages induces the ``respiratory burst'' response which is associated with the generation of superoxide (O), a drop in cytoplasmic pH, and a pronounced depolarization of the membrane potential. The purpose of the present studies was to determine whether an increase in O was temporally related to changes in membrane potential and transmembrane current. Release of O at the single cell level was photometrically monitored during phagocytosis of immune complexes while simultaneously measuring whole-cell current. Membrane depolarization and the generation of a non-selective current followed an increase in O production with a variable lag time which was correlated with the state of cellular maturation in culture. In the absence of phagocytosis, the exposure of macrophages to O generated by a xanthine-xanthine oxidase reaction activated a non-selective current similar to that seen after phagocytosis. These results provide the first demonstration of the relationship between free radical release and the ensuing electrophysiological signaling events which are linked to particle engulfment in phagocytic cells.

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