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Our previous studies in human monocytes have demonstrated that
interleukin (IL)-10 inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated
production of inflammatory cytokines, IL-1
Volume 270,
Number 16,
Issue of April 21, pp. 9558-9563, 1995
©1995 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
B (NF
B) Activation in Human
Monocytes
IL-10 AND IL-4 SUPPRESS CYTOKINE SYNTHESIS BY DIFFERENT MECHANISMS
, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor
necrosis factor (TNF)-
by blocking gene transcription. Using
electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), we now show that, in
monocytes stimulated with LPS or TNF, IL-10 inhibits nuclear
localization of nuclear factor 
B (NFB), a transcription
factor involved in the expression of inflammatory cytokine genes.
Several other transcription factors including NF-IL-6, AP-1, AP-2, GR,
CREB, Oct-1, and Sp-1 are not affected by IL-10. This selective
inhibition by IL-10 of NFB activation occurs rapidly and in a
dose-dependent manner and correlates well with IL-10's cytokine
synthesis inhibitory activity in terms of both kinetics and dose
responsiveness. Furthermore, compounds such as tosylphenylalanyl
chloromethyl ketone and pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate that are known to
selectively inhibit NFB activation block cytokine gene
transcription in LPS-stimulated monocytes. Taken together, these
results suggest that inhibition of NFB activation may be an
important mechanism for IL-10 supression of cytokine gene transcription
in human monocytes. IL-4, another cytokine that inhibits cytokine mRNA
accumulation in monocytes, shows little inhibitory effect on
LPS-induced NFB activation. Further examination reveals that,
unlike IL-10, IL-4 enhances mRNA degradation and does not suppress
cytokine gene transcription. These data indicate that IL-10 and IL-4
inhibit cytokine production by different mechanisms.
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