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Volume 270, Number 3, Issue of January 20, 1995 pp. 1243-1248
©1995 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
Site-directed Mutagenesis of Human Glutathione Transferase P1-1
MUTATION OF Cys-47 INDUCES A POSITIVE COOPERATIVITY IN GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE P1-1

(Received for publication, August 10, 1994; and in revised form, October 31, 1994)

Giorgio Ricci ,  Mario Lo Bello ,  Anna Maria Caccuri ,  Anna Pastore ,  Marzia Nuccetelli ,  Michael W. Parker ,  G. Federici

Glutathione transferase P1-1 (EC 2.5.1.18) is a dimeric enzyme composed of identical subunits each containing one binding site for GSH and a second for the co-substrate e.g. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Steady-state kinetics are strictly hyperbolic toward both these substrates. Replacement of Cys-47 with alanine or serine decreases the affinity for GSH and triggers a positive kinetic cooperativity with respect to this substrate. Hill coefficients were 1.31 and 1.43 for the C47A and C47S mutants. C47A/C101A and C47S/C101S double mutants display lower affinity for GSH and higher Hill coefficients (1.57 and 1.56, respectively) when compared with C47A and C47S single mutants. Conversely, replacement of Cys-101 with alanine or serine does not yield any cooperativity and any marked change of kinetic parameters. Fluorometric experiments gave sigmoidal isothermic GSH binding curves for all the Cys-47 mutants, with Hill coefficients similar to that obtained by the kinetic approach. These data, together with the activation experiments performed in the presence of S-hexylglutathione, suggest that the substitution of Cys-47 yields a dimeric low-affinity enzyme which can be converted to a higher affinity state upon binding of GSH on one subunit. These findings indicate a structural communication between subunits which may be revealed by the lack of a peculiar electrostatic bond between the thiolate form of Cys-47 and the protonated amino group of Lys-54.



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