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(Received for publication, December 1, 1994; and in revised form, March
21, 1995) Deprivation of vitamin A (retinol) leads to reduced potential of
B cell proliferation and nearly complete block of T cell activation in vitro. Retinol, which is thought to function as a
pro-hormone, is enzymatically converted into intracellular messenger
molecules. Thus, 14-hydroxy-retro-retinol (14-HRR) is an
intracellular messenger molecule linked to activation and growth
regulation of lymphocytes; whereas, anhydroretinol, another natural retro-retinoid, is an antagonist of 14-HRR effects. In this
article, we describe the isolation, structure determination, synthesis,
and biological properties of a new intracellular retinol derivative,
13,14-dihydroxy-retinol (DHR), which also supports the viability of
retinol-deprived lymphocytes. DHR is found in numerous cell lines
representing a large cross-section of tissues and animals from insects
to mammals. In T lymphocytes the production of DHR and 14-HRR is
up-regulated by phorbol ester. DHR is converted to 14-HRR by mild acid
treatment, but not by cells; therefore DHR is not a
biosynthetic intermediate in the conversion of retinol to 14-HRR. DHR
is a distinct end point of retinol metabolism. Although it is linked to
cell proliferation, its biological role remains to be determined.
Volume 270,
Number 32,
Issue of August 11, pp. 18875-18880, 1995
©1995 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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