Bacillus thuringiensis toxins are insecticidal to a variety of insect species. The selectivity of the toxins produced by these bacteria is dependent on both the toxin structure and the receptor sites that are present in different insect species. One of these toxins, CryIAc, is highly insecticidal to the noctuid pest Heliothis virescens. Using toxin overlay assay, a 120-kDa glycoprotein was identified as a toxin-binding protein. This protein was partially purified, its N-terminal sequence was determined, and the full-length cDNA encoding this protein was isolated from a H. virescens midgut library. The B. thuringiensis toxin-binding protein, BTBP, has high homology to aminopeptidase N from eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

CiteULike

Complore

Connotea

Del.icio.us

Digg

Reddit

Technorati

This article has been cited by other articles:

				C. R. Pigott and D. J. Ellar Role of Receptors in Bacillus thuringiensis Crystal Toxin Activity Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., June 1, 2007; 71(2): 255 - 281. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Shitomi, T. Hayakawa, D. M. Hossain, M. Higuchi, K. Miyamoto, K. Nakanishi, R. Sato, and H. Hori A Novel 96-kDa Aminopeptidase Localized on Epithelial Cell Membranes of Bombyx mori Midgut, Which Binds to Cry1Ac Toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis J. Biochem., February 1, 2006; 139(2): 223 - 233. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Avisar, M. Segal, B. Sneh, and A. Zilberstein Cell-cycle-dependent resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1C toxin in Sf9 cells J. Cell Sci., July 15, 2005; 118(14): 3163 - 3171. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Atsumi, E. Mizuno, H. Hara, K. Nakanishi, M. Kitami, N. Miura, H. Tabunoki, A. Watanabe, and R. Sato Location of the Bombyx mori Aminopeptidase N Type 1 Binding Site on Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Aa Toxin Appl. Envir. Microbiol., July 1, 2005; 71(7): 3966 - 3977. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Mehlo, D. Gahakwa, P. T. Nghia, N. T. Loc, T. Capell, J. A. Gatehouse, A. M. R. Gatehouse, and P. Christou An alternative strategy for sustainable pest resistance in genetically enhanced crops PNAS, May 31, 2005; 102(22): 7812 - 7816. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Xie, M. Zhuang, L. S. Ross, I. Gomez, D. I. Oltean, A. Bravo, M. Soberon, and S. S. Gill Single Amino Acid Mutations in the Cadherin Receptor from Heliothis virescens Affect Its Toxin Binding Ability to Cry1A Toxins J. Biol. Chem., March 4, 2005; 280(9): 8416 - 8425. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Katayama, H. Yokota, T. Akao, O. Nakamura, M. Ohba, E. Mekada, and E. Mizuki Parasporin-1, a Novel Cytotoxic Protein to Human Cells from Non-Insecticidal Parasporal Inclusions of Bacillus thuringiensis J. Biochem., January 1, 2005; 137(1): 17 - 25. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. M. Hossain, Y. Shitomi, K. Moriyama, M. Higuchi, T. Hayakawa, T. Mitsui, R. Sato, and H. Hori Characterization of a Novel Plasma Membrane Protein, Expressed in the Midgut Epithelia of Bombyx mori, That Binds to Cry1A Toxins Appl. Envir. Microbiol., August 1, 2004; 70(8): 4604 - 4612. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. L. Jurat-Fuentes, F. L. Gould, and M. J. Adang Altered Glycosylation of 63- and 68-Kilodalton Microvillar Proteins in Heliothis virescens Correlates with Reduced Cry1 Toxin Binding, Decreased Pore Formation, and Increased Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1 Toxins Appl. Envir. Microbiol., November 1, 2002; 68(11): 5711 - 5717. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Agrawal, P. Malhotra, and R. K. Bhatnagar Interaction of Gene-Cloned and Insect Cell-Expressed Aminopeptidase N of Spodoptera litura with Insecticidal Crystal Protein Cry1C Appl. Envir. Microbiol., September 1, 2002; 68(9): 4583 - 4592. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Gomez, J. Miranda-Rios, E. Rudino-Pinera, D. I. Oltean, S. S. Gill, A. Bravo, and M. Soberon Hydropathic Complementarity Determines Interaction of Epitope 869HITDTNNK876 in Manduca sexta Bt-R1 Receptor with Loop 2 of Domain II of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A Toxins J. Biol. Chem., August 9, 2002; 277(33): 30137 - 30143. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Darboux, Y. Pauchet, C. Castella, M. H. Silva-Filha, C. Nielsen-LeRoux, J.-F. Charles, and D. Pauron Loss of the membrane anchor of the target receptor is a mechanism of bioinsecticide resistance PNAS, April 30, 2002; 99(9): 5830 - 5835. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Zhuang, D. I. Oltean, I. Gomez, A. K. Pullikuth, M. Soberon, A. Bravo, and S. S. Gill Heliothis virescens and Manduca sexta Lipid Rafts Are Involved in Cry1A Toxin Binding to the Midgut Epithelium and Subsequent Pore Formation J. Biol. Chem., April 12, 2002; 277(16): 13863 - 13872. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. J. Gahan, F. Gould, and D. G. Heckel Identification of a Gene Associated with Bt Resistance in Heliothis virescens Science, August 3, 2001; 293(5531): 857 - 860. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Hua, L. Masson, J. L. Jurat-Fuentes, G. Schwab, and M. J. Adang Binding Analyses of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry {delta}-Endotoxins Using Brush Border Membrane Vesicles of Ostrinia nubilalis Appl. Envir. Microbiol., February 1, 2001; 67(2): 872 - 879. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J. L. Jurat-Fuentes and M. J. Adang Importance of Cry1 {delta}-Endotoxin Domain II Loops for Binding Specificity in Heliothis virescens (L.) Appl. Envir. Microbiol., January 1, 2001; 67(1): 323 - 329. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				D. I. Oltean, A. K. Pullikuth, H.-K. Lee, and S. S. Gill Partial Purification and Characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A Toxin Receptor A from Heliothis virescens and Cloning of the Corresponding cDNA Appl. Envir. Microbiol., November 1, 1999; 65(11): 4760 - 4766. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. K. Lee, T. H. You, F. L. Gould, and D. H. Dean Identification of Residues in Domain III of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac Toxin That Affect Binding and Toxicity Appl. Envir. Microbiol., October 1, 1999; 65(10): 4513 - 4520. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				T. P. Keeton, B. R. Francis, W. S. A. Maaty, and L. A. Bulla Jr. Effects of Midgut-Protein-Preparative and Ligand Binding Procedures on the Toxin Binding Characteristics of BT-R1, a Common High-Affinity Receptor in Manduca sexta for Cry1A Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins Appl. Envir. Microbiol., June 1, 1998; 64(6): 2158 - 2165. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				F. Rajamohan, O. Alzate, J. A. Cotrill, A. Curtiss, and D. H. Dean Protein engineering of Bacillus thuringiensis delta -endotoxin: Mutations at domain II of CryIAb enhance receptor affinity and toxicity toward gypsy moth larvae PNAS, December 10, 1996; 93(25): 14338 - 14343. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Gomez, D. I. Oltean, S. S. Gill, A. Bravo, and M. Soberon Mapping the Epitope in Cadherin-like Receptors Involved in Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A Toxin Interaction Using Phage Display J. Biol. Chem., July 27, 2001; 276(31): 28906 - 28912. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]