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Volume 270, Number 8, Issue of February 24, 1995 pp. 3720-3725
©1995 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
Ubiquitin in the Prokaryote Anabaena variabilis

(Received for publication, September 26, 1994; and in revised form, November 23, 1994)

Jörg Durner ,  Peter Böger

The ubiquitin-dependent pathway for protein degradation has been found to play a major role in controlling protein turnover in the cell. Ubiquitin is one of the most conserved proteins yet identified, and up until now it has been thought to be present only in eukaryotes and archaebacteria. This is the first report on the detection and purification of ubiquitin from a eubacterium, the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis. The purification procedure included a heat denaturing step, fractionated ammonium sulfate precipitation, two gel filtration runs (Sephadex G-50 and Superose 12), and a final hydroxylapatite chromatography. Comparisons with bovine ubiquitin showed a high similarity with respect to antigenicity to anti-ubiquitin (bovine), molecular mass (M(r) = 6,000), isoelectric point (pI 6.5), and NH(2)-terminal sequence. The existence of ubiquitin in A. variabilis was confirmed by Southern hybridization. In in vitro experiments both cyanobacterial and bovine ubiquitin were covalently attached to several target proteins from A. variabilis, respectively. Data are presented which suggest ubiquitination of dinitrogenase reductase, the Fe-protein subunit of nitrogenase. Our findings imply that ubiquitination equivalent to the eukaryotic system is instrumental in this organism.



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