Two rpoN-linked Tn10-kan insertions suppress the conditionally lethal era allele. One truncates rpoN while the second disrupts another gene (ptsN) in the rpoN operon and does not affect classical nitrogen regulation. Neither alter expression of era indicating that suppression is post-translational. Plasmid clones of ptsN prevent suppression by either disruption mutation indicating that this gene is important for lethality caused by era. rpoN and six neighboring genes were sequenced and compared with sequences in the database. Two of these genes encode proteins homologous to Enzyme IIA and HPr of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system. We designate these proteins IIA (ptsN) and NPr (npr). Purified IIA and NPr exchange phosphate appropriately with Enzyme I, HPr, and Enzyme IIA proteins of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system. Several sugars and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates inhibited growth of the ptsN disruption mutant on medium containing an amino acid or nucleoside base as a combined source of nitrogen, carbon, and energy. This growth inhibition was relieved by supplying the ptsN gene or ammonium salts but was not aleviated by altering levels of exogenously supplied cAMP. These results support our previous proposal of a novel mechanism linking carbon and nitrogen assimilation and relates IIA to the unknown process regulated by the essential GTPase Era.

CiteULike

Complore

Connotea

Del.icio.us

Digg

Reddit

Technorati

This article has been cited by other articles:

				T. L. Lindsey, J. M. Hagins, P. A. Sokol, and L. A. Silo-Suh Virulence determinants from a cystic fibrosis isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa include isocitrate lyase Microbiology, June 1, 2008; 154(6): 1616 - 1627. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Pfluger and V. de Lorenzo Evidence of In Vivo Cross Talk between the Nitrogen-Related and Fructose-Related Branches of the Carbohydrate Phosphotransferase System of Pseudomonas putida J. Bacteriol., May 1, 2008; 190(9): 3374 - 3380. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. A. Pinedo, R. M. Bringhurst, and D. J. Gage Sinorhizobium meliloti Mutants Lacking Phosphotransferase System Enzyme HPr or EIIA Are Altered in Diverse Processes, Including Carbon Metabolism, Cobalt Requirements, and Succinoglycan Production J. Bacteriol., April 15, 2008; 190(8): 2947 - 2956. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Ueta, R. L. Ohniwa, H. Yoshida, Y. Maki, C. Wada, and A. Wada Role of HPF (Hibernation Promoting Factor) in Translational Activity in Escherichia coli J. Biochem., March 1, 2008; 143(3): 425 - 433. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Inoue, S. Basu, and M. Inouye Dissection of 16S rRNA Methyltransferase (KsgA) Function in Escherichia coli J. Bacteriol., December 1, 2007; 189(23): 8510 - 8518. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Pfluger and V. de Lorenzo Growth-dependent Phosphorylation of the PtsN (EIINtr) Protein of Pseudomonas putida J. Biol. Chem., June 22, 2007; 282(25): 18206 - 18211. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Velazquez, K. Pfluger, I. Cases, L. I. De Eugenio, and V. de Lorenzo The Phosphotransferase System Formed by PtsP, PtsO, and PtsN Proteins Controls Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates in Pseudomonas putida J. Bacteriol., June 15, 2007; 189(12): 4529 - 4533. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. J. Ninfa Regulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism: Adding regulation of ion channels and another second messenger to the mix PNAS, March 13, 2007; 104(11): 4243 - 4244. [Full Text] [PDF]

				C.-R. Lee, S.-H. Cho, M.-J. Yoon, A. Peterkofsky, and Y.-J. Seok Escherichia coli enzyme IIANtr regulates the K+ transporter TrkA PNAS, March 6, 2007; 104(10): 4124 - 4129. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Deutscher, C. Francke, and P. W. Postma How Phosphotransferase System-Related Protein Phosphorylation Regulates Carbohydrate Metabolism in Bacteria Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., December 1, 2006; 70(4): 939 - 1031. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. D. Barabote and M. H. Saier Jr. Comparative Genomic Analyses of the Bacterial Phosphotransferase System Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., December 1, 2005; 69(4): 608 - 634. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S.-K. Choi and M. H. Saier Jr. Regulation of sigL Expression by the Catabolite Control Protein CcpA Involves a Roadblock Mechanism in Bacillus subtilis: Potential Connection between Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism J. Bacteriol., October 1, 2005; 187(19): 6856 - 6861. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z. Zhang, G. Gosset, R. Barabote, C. S. Gonzalez, W. A. Cuevas, and M. H. Saier Jr. Functional Interactions between the Carbon and Iron Utilization Regulators, Crp and Fur, in Escherichia coli J. Bacteriol., February 1, 2005; 187(3): 980 - 990. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.-Y. Jeong, Y.-J. Kim, N. Cho, D. Shin, T.-W. Nam, S. Ryu, and Y.-J. Seok Expression of ptsG Encoding the Major Glucose Transporter Is Regulated by ArcA in Escherichia coli J. Biol. Chem., September 10, 2004; 279(37): 38513 - 38518. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. B. Warner and J. S. Lolkema CcpA-Dependent Carbon Catabolite Repression in Bacteria Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., December 1, 2003; 67(4): 475 - 490. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Kok, G. Bron, B. Erni, and S. Mukhija Effect of enzyme I of the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate : sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) on virulence in a murine model Microbiology, September 1, 2003; 149(9): 2645 - 2652. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. P. Stafford, J. Scanlan, I. R. McDonald, and J. C. Murrell rpoN, mmoR and mmoG, genes involved in regulating the expression of soluble methane monooxygenase in Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b Microbiology, July 1, 2003; 149(7): 1771 - 1784. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Minkovsky, A. Zarimani, V. K. Chary, B. H. Johnstone, B. S. Powell, P. D. Torrance, D. L. Court, R. W. Simons, and P. J. Piggot Bex, the Bacillus subtilis Homolog of the Essential Escherichia coli GTPase Era, Is Required for Normal Cell Division and Spore Formation J. Bacteriol., November 15, 2002; 184(22): 6389 - 6394. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Zhang and M. Inouye MazG, a Nucleoside Triphosphate Pyrophosphohydrolase, Interacts with Era, an Essential GTPase in Escherichia coli J. Bacteriol., October 1, 2002; 184(19): 5323 - 5329. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Meidanis, M. D. V. Braga, and S. Verjovski-Almeida Whole-Genome Analysis of Transporters in the Plant Pathogen Xylella fastidiosa Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., June 1, 2002; 66(2): 272 - 299. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. L. Hendrickson, J. Plotnikova, S. Mahajan-Miklos, L. G. Rahme, and F. M. Ausubel Differential Roles of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 rpoN Gene in Pathogenicity in Plants, Nematodes, Insects, and Mice J. Bacteriol., December 15, 2001; 183(24): 7126 - 7134. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Cases, F. Velazquez, and V. de Lorenzo Role of ptsO in Carbon-Mediated Inhibition of the Pu Promoter Belonging to the pWW0 Pseudomonas putida Plasmid J. Bacteriol., September 1, 2001; 183(17): 5128 - 5133. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Higa and P. H. Edelstein Potential Virulence Role of the Legionella pneumophila ptsP Ortholog Infect. Immun., August 1, 2001; 69(8): 4782 - 4789. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Mouz, E. Coursange, and A. Toussaint Ralstonia metallidurans CH34 RpoN sigma factor and the control of nitrogen metabolism and biphenyl utilization Microbiology, July 1, 2001; 147(7): 1947 - 1954. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Cases, J.-A. Lopez, J.-P. Albar, and V. De Lorenzo Evidence of Multiple Regulatory Functions for the PtsN (IIANtr) Protein of Pseudomonas putida J. Bacteriol., February 1, 2001; 183(3): 1032 - 1037. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				S. Behrens, W. J. Mitchell, and H. Bahl Molecular analysis of the mannitol operon of Clostridium acetobutylicum encoding a phosphotransferase system and a putative PTS-modulated regulator Microbiology, January 1, 2001; 147(1): 75 - 86. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				S. M. Sullivan, R. Mishra, R. R. Neubig, and J. R. Maddock Analysis of Guanine Nucleotide Binding and Exchange Kinetics of the Escherichia coli GTPase Era J. Bacteriol., June 15, 2000; 182(12): 3460 - 3466. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J. Reizer, S. Bachem, A. Reizer, M. Arnaud, M. H. Saier Jr, and J. Stulke Novel phosphotransferase system genes revealed by genome analysis - the complete complement of PTS proteins encoded within the genome of Bacillus subtilis Microbiology, December 1, 1999; 145(12): 3419 - 3429. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Martin-Verstraete, A. Galinier, E. Darbon, Y. Quentin, M.-C. Kilhoffer, V. Charrier, J. Haiech, G. Rapoport, and J. Deutscher The Q15H mutation enables Crh, a Bacillus subtilis HPr-like protein, to carry out some regulatory HPr functions, but does not make it an effective phosphocarrier for sugar transport Microbiology, November 1, 1999; 145(11): 3195 - 3204. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Rabus, J. Reizer, I. Paulsen, and M. H. Saier Jr. Enzyme INtr from Escherichia coli. A NOVEL ENZYME OF THE PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE-DEPENDENT PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE SYSTEM EXHIBITING STRICT SPECIFICITY FOR ITS PHOSPHORYL ACCEPTOR, NPr J. Biol. Chem., September 10, 1999; 274(37): 26185 - 26191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Cases, J. Perez-Martin, and V. de Lorenzo The IIANtr (PtsN) Protein of Pseudomonas putida Mediates the C Source Inhibition of the sigma 54-dependent Pu Promoter of the TOL Plasmid J. Biol. Chem., May 28, 1999; 274(22): 15562 - 15568. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Drzewiecki, C. Eymann, G. Mittenhuber, and M. Hecker The yvyD Gene of Bacillus subtilis Is under Dual Control of sigma B and sigma H J. Bacteriol., December 15, 1998; 180(24): 6674 - 6680. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				R. S. Stephens, S. Kalman, C. Lammel, J. Fan, R. Marathe, L. Aravind, W. Mitchell, L. Olinger, R. L. Tatusov, Q. Zhao, et al. Genome Sequence of an Obligate Intracellular Pathogen of Humans: Chlamydia trachomatis Science, October 23, 1998; 282(5389): 754 - 759. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				Q. Lu and M. Inouye The Gene for 16S rRNA Methyltransferase (ksgA) Functions as a Multicopy Suppressor for a Cold-Sensitive Mutant of Era, an Essential RAS-Like GTP-Binding Protein in Escherichia coli J. Bacteriol., October 1, 1998; 180(19): 5243 - 5246. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. K. B. Berlyn Linkage Map of Escherichia coli K-12, Edition 10: The Traditional Map Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., September 1, 1998; 62(3): 814 - 984. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. M. Fraser, S. J. Norris, G. M. Weinstock, O. White, G. G. Sutton, R. Dodson, M. Gwinn, E. K. Hickey, R. Clayton, K. A. Ketchum, et al. Complete Genome Sequence of Treponema pallidum, the Syphilis Spirochete Science, July 17, 1998; 281(5375): 375 - 388. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J. Michiels, T. Van Soom, I. D'hooghe, B. Dombrecht, T. Benhassine, P. de Wilde, and J. Vanderleyden The Rhizobium etli rpoN Locus: DNA Sequence Analysis and Phenotypical Characterization of rpoN, ptsN, and ptsA Mutants J. Bacteriol., April 1, 1998; 180(7): 1729 - 1740. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				B. S. Powell and D. L. Court Control of ftsZ Expression, Cell Division, and Glutamine Metabolism in Luria-Bertani Medium by the Alarmone ppGpp in Escherichia coli J. Bacteriol., March 1, 1998; 180(5): 1053 - 1062. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				Y.-J. Seok, M. Sondej, P. Badawi, M. S. Lewis, M. C. Briggs, H. Jaffe, and A. Peterkofsky High Affinity Binding and Allosteric Regulation of Escherichia coli Glycogen Phosphorylase by the Histidine Phosphocarrier Protein, HPr J. Biol. Chem., October 17, 1997; 272(42): 26511 - 26521. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. M. Keseler and D. Kaiser sigma 54, a vital protein for Myxococcus xanthus PNAS, March 4, 1997; 94(5): 1979 - 1984. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Charbit, J. Reizer, and M. H. Saier Jr. Function of the Duplicated IIB Domain and Oligomeric Structure of the Fructose Permease of Escherichia coli J. Biol. Chem., April 26, 1996; 271(17): 9997 - 10003. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. D. King and M. R. O'Brian Evidence for Direct Interaction between Enzyme INtr and Aspartokinase to Regulate Bacterial Oligopeptide Transport J. Biol. Chem., June 8, 2001; 276(24): 21311 - 21316. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Valls, M. Buckle, and V. de Lorenzo In Vivo UV Laser Footprinting of the Pseudomonas putidasigma 54Pu Promoter Reveals That Integration Host Factor Couples Transcriptional Activity to Growth Phase J. Biol. Chem., January 11, 2002; 277(3): 2169 - 2175. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]