| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
(Received for publication, June 1, 1995; and in revised form, January 6, 1996)
Clostridial neurotoxins are zinc endopeptidases that block neurotransmission and have been shown to cleave, in vitro, specific proteins involved in synaptic vesicle docking and/or fusion. We have used immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting to demonstrate alterations in toxin substrates in intact neurons under conditions of toxin-induced blockade of neurotransmitter release. Vesicle-associated membrane protein, which co-localizes with synaptophysin, is not detectable in tetanus toxin-blocked cultures. Syntaxin, also concentrated in synaptic sites, is cleaved by botulinum neurotoxin C. Similarly, the carboxyl terminus of the synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) is not detectable in botulinum neurotoxin A-treated cultures. Unexpectedly, tetanus toxin exposure causes an increase in SNAP-25 immunofluorescence, reflecting increased accessibility of antibodies to antigenic sites rather than increased expression of the protein. Furthermore, botulinum neurotoxin C causes a marked loss of the carboxyl terminus of SNAP-25 when the toxin is added to living cultures, whereas it has no action on SNAP-25 in in vitro preparations. This study is the first to demonstrate in functioning neurons that the physiologic response to these toxins is correlated with the proteolysis of their respective substrates. Furthermore, the data demonstrate that botulinum neurotoxin C, in addition to cleaving syntaxin, exerts a secondary effect on SNAP-25.
CiteULike 
Complore 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us 
Digg 
Reddit 
Technorati What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  A. D. Lam, P. Tryoen-Toth, B. Tsai, N. Vitale, and E. L. Stuenkel SNARE-catalyzed Fusion Events Are Regulated by Syntaxin1A-Lipid Interactions Mol. Biol. Cell, February 1, 2008; 19(2): 485 - 497. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. M. Stahl, G. Ruthel, E. Torres-Melendez, T. A. Kenny, R. G. Panchal, and S. Bavari Primary Cultures of Embryonic Chicken Neurons for Sensitive Cell-Based Assay of Botulinum Neurotoxin: Implications for Therapeutic Discovery J Biomol Screen, April 1, 2007; 12(3): 370 - 377. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Chieregatti, M. C. Chicka, E. R. Chapman, and G. Baldini SNAP-23 Functions in Docking/Fusion of Granules at Low Ca2+ Mol. Biol. Cell, April 1, 2004; 15(4): 1918 - 1930. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Kimura, A. Mizoguchi, and C. Ide Regulation of Growth Cone Extension by SNARE Proteins J. Histochem. Cytochem., April 1, 2003; 51(4): 429 - 433. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. J. Duggan, C. P. Quinn, J. A. Chaddock, J. R. Purkiss, F. C. G. Alexander, S. Doward, S. J. Fooks, L. M. Friis, Y. H. J. Hall, E. R. Kirby, et al. Inhibition of Release of Neurotransmitters from Rat Dorsal Root Ganglia by a Novel Conjugate of a Clostridium botulinum Toxin A Endopeptidase Fragment and Erythrina cristagalli Lectin J. Biol. Chem., September 13, 2002; 277(38): 34846 - 34852. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Kalandakanond and J. A. Coffield Cleavage of Intracellular Substrates of Botulinum Toxins A, C, and D in a Mammalian Target Tissue J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., March 1, 2001; 296(3): 749 - 755. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Kalandakanond and J. A. Coffield Cleavage of SNAP-25 by Botulinum Toxin Type A Requires Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis, pH-Dependent Translocation, and Zinc J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., March 1, 2001; 296(3): 980 - 986. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. B. Bergsman and R. W. Tsien Syntaxin Modulation of Calcium Channels in Cortical Synaptosomes As Revealed by Botulinum Toxin C1 J. Neurosci., June 15, 2000; 20(12): 4368 - 4378. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A. Chaddock, J. R. Purkiss, L. M. Friis, J. D. Broadbridge, M. J. Duggan, S. J. Fooks, C. C. Shone, C. P. Quinn, and K. A. Foster Inhibition of Vesicular Secretion in Both Neuronal and Nonneuronal Cells by a Retargeted Endopeptidase Derivative of Clostridium botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Infect. Immun., May 1, 2000; 68(5): 2587 - 2593. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Schiavo, M. Matteoli, and C. Montecucco Neurotoxins Affecting Neuroexocytosis Physiol Rev, April 1, 2000; 80(2): 717 - 766. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L.-S. Chin, R. D. Nugent, M. C. Raynor, J. P. Vavalle, and L. Li SNIP, a Novel SNAP-25-interacting Protein Implicated in Regulated Exocytosis J. Biol. Chem., January 14, 2000; 275(2): 1191 - 1200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. A. O'Sullivan, N. Mohammed, P. G. Foran, G. W. Lawrence, and J. O. Dolly Rescue of Exocytosis in Botulinum Toxin A-poisoned Chromaffin Cells by Expression of Cleavage-resistant SNAP-25. IDENTIFICATION OF THE MINIMAL ESSENTIAL C-TERMINAL RESIDUES J. Biol. Chem., December 24, 1999; 274(52): 36897 - 36904. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. A. Neale, L. M. Bowers, M. Jia, K. E. Bateman, and L. C. Williamson Botulinum Neurotoxin A Blocks Synaptic Vesicle Exocytosis but Not Endocytosis at the Nerve Terminal J. Cell Biol., December 13, 1999; 147(6): 1249 - 1260. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. G. P. Foran, L. M. Fletcher, P. B. Oatey, N. Mohammed, J. O. Dolly, and J. M. Tavare Protein Kinase B Stimulates the Translocation of GLUT4 but Not GLUT1 or Transferrin Receptors in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes by a Pathway Involving SNAP-23, Synaptobrevin-2, and/or Cellubrevin J. Biol. Chem., October 1, 1999; 274(40): 28087 - 28095. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Leoni, A. Menegon, F. Benfenati, D. Toniolo, M. Pennuto, and F. Valtorta Neurite Extension Occurs in the Absence of Regulated Exocytosis in PC12 Subclones Mol. Biol. Cell, September 1, 1999; 10(9): 2919 - 2931. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. D. Conner and G. M. Wessel Syntaxin Is Required for Cell Division Mol. Biol. Cell, August 1, 1999; 10(8): 2735 - 2743. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G Lalli, J Herreros, S. Osborne, C Montecucco, O Rossetto, and G Schiavo Functional characterisation of tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins binding domains J. Cell Sci., January 8, 1999; 112(16): 2715 - 2724. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Canaves and M. Montal Assembly of a Ternary Complex by the Predicted Minimal Coiled-coil-forming Domains of Syntaxin, SNAP-25, and Synaptobrevin. A CIRCULAR DICHROISM STUDY J. Biol. Chem., December 18, 1998; 273(51): 34214 - 34221. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Wu, K.-C. Lim, J. Huang, R. F. Saidi, and C. L. Sears Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin cleaves the zonula adherens protein, E-cadherin PNAS, December 8, 1998; 95(25): 14979 - 14984. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S.-Y. Hua, D. A. Raciborska, W. S. Trimble, and M. P. Charlton Different VAMP/Synaptobrevin Complexes for Spontaneous and Evoked Transmitter Release at the Crayfish Neuromuscular Junction J Neurophysiol, December 1, 1998; 80(6): 3233 - 3246. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. D. Fields Clostridial Neurotoxins in Synaptic Research Neuroscientist, September 1, 1998; 4(5): 324 - 328. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Sadoul, A. Berger, H. Niemann, U. Weller, P. A. Roche, A. Klip, W. S. Trimble, R. Regazzi, S. Catsicas, and P. A. Halban SNAP-23 Is Not Cleaved by Botulinum Neurotoxin E and Can Replace SNAP-25 in the Process of Insulin Secretion J. Biol. Chem., December 26, 1997; 272(52): 33023 - 33027. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Marsal, B. Ruiz-Montasell, J. Blasi, J. E. Moreira, D. Contreras, M. Sugimori, and R. Llinas Block of transmitter release by botulinum C1 action on syntaxin at the squid giant synapse PNAS, December 23, 1997; 94(26): 14871 - 14876. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Hohne-Zell, A. Galler, W. Schepp, M. Gratzl, and C. Prinz Functional Importance of Synaptobrevin and SNAP-25 during Exocytosis of Histamine by Rat Gastric Enterochromaffin-Like Cells Endocrinology, December 1, 1997; 138(12): 5518 - 5526. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. A. Alexander, T. Shih, and J. H. Schwartz H+ secretion is inhibited by clostridial toxins in an inner medullary collecting duct cell line Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, December 1, 1997; 273(6): F1054 - F1057. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Capogna, R. A. McKinney, V. O'Connor, B. H. Gahwiler, and S. M. Thompson Ca2+ or Sr2+ Partially Rescues Synaptic Transmission in Hippocampal Cultures Treated with Botulinum Toxin A and C, But Not Tetanus Toxin J. Neurosci., October 1, 1997; 17(19): 7190 - 7202. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Bruns, S. Engers, C. Yang, R. Ossig, A. Jeromin, and R. Jahn Inhibition of Transmitter Release Correlates with the Proteolytic Activity of Tetanus Toxin and Botulinus Toxin A in Individual Cultured Synapses of Hirudo medicinalis J. Neurosci., March 15, 1997; 17(6): 1898 - 1910. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Coffield, N. Bakry, R.-d. Zhang, J. Carlson, L. G. Gomella, and L. L. Simpson In Vitro Characterization of Botulinum Toxin Types A, C and D Action on Human Tissues: Combined Electrophysiologic, Pharmacologic and Molecular Biologic Approaches J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., March 1, 1997; 280(3): 1489 - 1498. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Igarashi, M. Tagaya, and Y. Komiya The Soluble N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Factor Attached Protein Receptor Complex in Growth Cones: Molecular Aspects of the Axon Terminal Development J. Neurosci., February 15, 1997; 17(4): 1460 - 1470. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Cornille, L. Martin, C. Lenoir, D. Cussac, B. P. Roques, and M.-C. Fournie-Zaluski Cooperative Exosite-dependent Cleavage of Synaptobrevin by Tetanus Toxin Light Chain J. Biol. Chem., February 7, 1997; 272(6): 3459 - 3464. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. M. Gutierrez, S. Viniegra, J. Rueda, A. V. Ferrer-Montiel, J. M. Canaves, and M. Montal A Peptide That Mimics the C-terminal Sequence of SNAP-25 Inhibits Secretory Vesicle Docking in Chromaffin Cells J. Biol. Chem., January 31, 1997; 272(5): 2634 - 2639. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Pellizzari, O. Rossetto, L. Lozzi, S. Giovedi', E. Johnson, C. C. Shone, and C. Montecucco Structural Determinants of the Specificity for Synaptic Vesicle-associated Membrane Protein/Synaptobrevin of Tetanus and Botulinum Type B and G Neurotoxins J. Biol. Chem., August 23, 1996; 271(34): 20353 - 20358. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. E. Keller and E. A. Neale The Role of the Synaptic Protein SNAP-25 in the Potency of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A J. Biol. Chem., April 13, 2001; 276(16): 13476 - 13482. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| All ASBMB Journals | Molecular and Cellular Proteomics |
| Journal of Lipid Research | ASBMB Today |
