Regulation of expression of the scavenger receptor is thought to play a critical role in the accumulation of lipid by macrophages in atherosclerosis. Tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) has been shown to suppress macrophage scavenger receptor function (van Lenten, B. J., and Fogelman, A. M.(1992) J. Immunol. 148, 112-116). However, the mechanism by which it does so is unknown. We evaluated the mechanism by which TNF- inhibited macrophage scavenger receptor surface expression and binding of acetylated low density lipoprotein (aLDL). Binding of aLDL to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-differentiated THP-1 macrophages was suppressed by TNF- in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of aLDL binding was paralleled by a reduction of macrophage scavenger receptor protein as detected by the Western blot. TNF- partially decreased macrophage scavenger receptor mRNA steady state levels in PMA-differentiated THP-1 macrophages, a result that was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. PMA increased the luciferase activity driven by the macrophage scavenger receptor promoter in the transfected cells, whereas TNF- partially reduced luciferase activity. However, macrophage scavenger receptor mRNA half-life was dramatically reduced in cells treated with TNF- relative to untreated cells. Reduction in macrophage scavenger receptor message in response to TNF- was dependent on new protein synthesis because it was blocked by cycloheximide. These results indicate that TNF- regulates macrophage scavenger receptor expression in PMA-differentiated THP-1 macrophages by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms but principally by destabilization of macrophage scavenger receptor mRNA.

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