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Volume 271, Number 2, Issue of January 12, 1996 pp. 853-860
©1996 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
Overexpression of Thymidine Kinase mRNA Eliminates Cell Cycle Regulation of Thymidine Kinase Enzyme Activity

(Received for publication, July 31, 1995; and in revised form, October 17, 1995)

Wolfgang Mikulits Markus Hengstschläger Thomas Sauer Erhard Wintersberger Ernst W. Müllner

Expression of thymidine kinase (TK) enzyme activity and mRNA is strictly S phase-specific in primary cells. In contrast, DNA tumor virus-transformed cells have enhanced and constitutive levels of TK mRNA during the whole cell cycle. Their TK protein abundance, however, still increases at the G(1)-S transition and stays high throughout G(2) until mitosis. Therefore, post-transcriptional control must account for the decoupling of TK mRNA from protein synthesis in G(1). To characterize the underlying mechanism, we studied the consequences of TK mRNA abundance on the cell cycle-dependent regulation of TK activity in nontransformed cells. Constitutive as well as conditional human and mouse TK cDNA vectors were stably transfected into mouse fibroblasts, which were subsequently synchronized by centrifugal elutriation. Low constitutive TK mRNA expression still resulted in a fluctuation of TK activity with a pronounced maximum in S phase. This pattern of cell cycle-dependent TK activity variation reflected the one in primary cells but is caused by post-transcriptional control. Increasing overexpression of TK transcripts after hormonal induction compromised this regulation. At the highest constant mRNA levels, regulation of enzyme activity was totally abolished in each phase of the cell cycle. These data indicate that post-transcriptional regulation of TK is tightly coupled to the amount of mRNA; high concentrations apparently titrate a factor(s) required for repressing TK production during G(1) and presumably also G(2).




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