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Volume 271, Number 25, Issue of June 21, 1996 pp. 14668-14671
©1996 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

COMMUNICATION:
A Genetic Defect in Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis Triggers Apoptosis in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells

(Received for publication, April 8, 1996, and in revised form, April 24, 1996)

Zheng Cui Dagger , Martin Houweling Dagger , Ming H. Chen , Michel Record par , Hugues Chap par , Dennis E. Vance Dagger and François Tercé par

From the Dagger  Lipid and Lipoprotein Research Group and Department of Biochemistry,  Surgical-Medical Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada and the par  INSERM Unité 326, Hôpital Purpan, 31059 Toulouse cedex, France

We have investigated the cell death of a Chinese hamster ovary mutant (MT-58) with a thermo-sensitive CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase, the rate-limiting enzyme of the CDP-choline pathway for phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis (Esko, J. D., Wermuth, M. M., and Raetz, C. R. H. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 7388-7393). After MT-58 cells were shifted to the restrictive temperature of 40° C, the cytidylyltransferase was inactivated immediately leading to a decrease in phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis and cell death. DNA content and number of cells in the S phase decreased significantly in the dying MT-58 cells according to flow cytometrical analyses. The fragmentation of genomic DNA was detected by DNA ladders in agarose gel and release of the prelabeled genomic DNA into cytosolic fractions 14 h after the temperature shift. The dying cells underwent a dramatic reduction of cellular volume while maintaining the membrane containment of cellular contents. These events indicated that the inactivation of cytidylyltransferase triggered apoptosis in Chinese hamster ovary cells. This is the first report that apoptosis was induced in cultured cells, not by an added agent, but by a mutation in phospholipid biosynthesis.


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