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Volume 271, Number 27, Issue of July 5, 1996 pp. 16281-16287
©1996 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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Control of Starch Composition and Structure through Substrate Supply in the Monocellular Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

(Received for publication, January 31, 1996, and in revised form, April 3, 1996)

Nathalie Van den Koornhuyse , Nathalie Libessart , Brigitte Delrue , Christophe Zabawinski , André Decq , Alberto Iglesias ^¶ , Anne Carton , Jack Preiss ^§ and Steven Ball

From the  Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique, Unité Mixte de Recherche du CNRS 111, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Lille Flandres-Artois 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France 59655, ^§ Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, and ^¶ INTECH, Instituto Tecnologico Chascomus, 7130 Chascomus, Argentina

In Chlamydomonas, as in higher plants, synthesis of ADP glucose catalyzed by ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase is rate-limiting for the building of starch in the chloroplast. We have isolated disruptions of the STA1 ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase structural gene that rendered the enzyme less responsive to the allosteric activator 3-phosphoglycerate. The structure and composition of the residual starch synthesized by all mutants of the STA1 locus is dramatically altered. The residual polysaccharide is shown to be devoid of amylose despite the presence of granule-bound starch synthase, the amylose biosynthetic enzyme. In addition, the fine structure of the mutant amylopectin revealed the presence of an altered chain-length distribution. This distribution mimicks that which is observed during growth and photosynthesis and differs markedly from that observed during storage. We therefore propose that low nucleotide sugar concentrations are either directly or indirectly responsible for the major differences observed in the composition or structure of starch during storage and photosynthesis.

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