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Volume 271, Number 30, Issue of July 26, 1996 pp. 17932-17936
©1996 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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Modulation of the Thermosensing Profile of the Escherichia coli Aspartate Receptor Tar by Covalent Modification of Its Methyl-accepting Sites

(Received for publication, May 31, 1995, and in revised form, April 30, 1996)

From the Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-01, Japan

The Escherichia coli aspartate receptor Tar is involved in the thermotactic response. We have studied how its thermosensing function is affected by the modification of the four methyl-accepting residues (Gln²⁹⁵, Glu³⁰², Gln³⁰⁹, and Glu⁴⁹¹), which play essential roles in adaptation. We found that the primary translational product of tar mediates a chemoresponse, but not a thermoresponse, and that Tar comes to function as a thermoreceptor, once Gln²⁹⁵ or Gln³⁰⁹ is deamidated. This is the first identification of a thermosensing-specific mutant form, suggesting that the methylation sites of Tar constitute at least a part of the region required for thermoreception, signaling, or both. We have also investigated the inverted thermoresponse mediated by Tar in the presence of aspartate. We found that, whereas the deamidated-and-unmethylated form functions as a warm receptor, eliciting a smooth-swimming signal upon increase of temperature, the heavily methylated form functions as a cold receptor, eliciting a smooth-swimming signal upon decrease of temperature. Thus, it is suggested that Tar exists in at least three distinct states, each of which allows it to function as a warm, cold, or null thermoreceptor, depending on the modification patterns of its methylation sites.

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