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Volume 271, Number 31, Issue of August 2, 1996 pp. 18759-18766
©1996 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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Suppression of Syndecan-1 Expression in Endothelial Cells by Tumor Necrosis Factor-

(Received for publication, February 12, 1996, and in revised form, May 2, 1996)

Varpu Kainulainen ^§ , Lassi Nelimarkka ^§ , Hannu Järveläinen ^§ , Matti Laato ^'' , Markku Jalkanen and Klaus Elenius ^§

From the  Turku Center for Biotechnology and the Departments of ^§ Medical Biochemistry,  Internal Medicine, and ^'' Surgery, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland

Syndecan-1 is a cell surface proteoglycan that binds extracellular matrix components and modulates the activity of heparin-binding growth factors. The expression of syndecan-1 is modified during development, carcinogenesis, and tissue regeneration. During cutaneous wound healing, syndecan-1 expression is transiently induced in newly-formed capillaries of granulation tissue as well as in proliferating keratinocytes. To study the mechanisms underlying this regulation we investigated the effects of several growth factors/cytokines on syndecan-1 expression in two human cell lines: EA.hy 926 endothelial cells and HaCaT keratinocytes. None of these factors significantly altered syndecan-1 mRNA expression in cultured keratinocytes, but when given to endothelial cells, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) specifically and dose-dependently suppressed syndecan-1 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. TNF- reduced the amount of syndecan-1 protein in EA.hy 926 cells in both the presence and absence of serum and, at the same time, induced the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). The suppressive effect of TNF- on endothelial syndecan-1 expression was reproducible in in vivo experiments in which TNF--coated beads were administered directly to healing skin wounds of mice. Data supporting these findings were further obtained by injecting TNF- into an experimental rat granulation tissue model. In this tissue TNF- suppressed syndecan-1 mRNA expression by approximately 80%. These results indicate that TNF- is capable of down-regulating syndecan-1 expression in endothelial cells both in vitro and in vivo and suggest that similar mechanisms may be responsible for the changes in syndecan-1 expression observed during various regenerative, developmental, and malignant processes.

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