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Volume 271, Number 36, Issue of September 6, 1996 pp. 22125-22129
©1996 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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Characterization of the Upstream Sequence of the Human CYP11A1 Gene for Cell Type-specific Expression

(Received for publication, March 18, 1996, and in revised form, June 19, 1996)

Shen-Ju Chou ^§ , Kun-Nan Lai and Bon-chu Chung

From the  Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China and the ^§ Graduate School of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China

The CYP11A1 gene encodes the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme P450scc, which catalyzes the synthesis of steroids from cholesterol. This gene is expressed only in steroidogenic organs such as the adrenal, gonad, placenta, and brain. We have characterized an upstream regulatory element of the human CYP11A1 gene, termed AdE, which contributed to its cell type-specific expression. The AdE sequence contains two protein binding regions, AdE1 and AdE2, which bind many proteins including NF1- and Sp1-like proteins as shown by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, footprinting, competition, antibody supershift, and mutagenesis of the binding sites. When cloned in front of the CYP11A1 promoter or the heterologous thymidine kinase promoter, AdE sequences enhanced expression of the reporter gene in steroidogenic cell lines of the adrenal, gonad, and placental origin but not in nonsteroidogenic cell lines such as COS-1 and Rat-1. The function of AdE1 and AdE2 was lower when present individually than together. The combined action of multiple transcription factors binding to the AdE sequence brings about the final activation of the CYP11A1 gene in a tissue-specific manner.

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