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(Received for publication, January 11, 1996, and in revised form, June 25, 1996)
From the Friedrich Miescher-Institut, P.O. Box 2543, CH-4002 Basel,
Switzerland and the Marine Biological Laboratory,
Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543
Dissociated sponge cells quickly reaggregate in a
species-specific manner, differentiate, and reconstruct tissue,
providing a very handy system to investigate the molecular basis of
more complex intercellular recognition processes. Species-specific cell
adhesion in the marine sponge Microciona prolifera is
mediated by a supramolecular complex with a Mr = 2 × 107, termed aggregation factor. Guanidinium
hydrochloride/cesium chloride dissociative gradients and rhodamine B
isothiocyanate staining indicated the presence of several proteins with
different degrees of glycosylation. Hyaluronate has been found to be
associated with the aggregation factor. Chemical deglycosylation
revealed a main component accounting for nearly 90% of the total
protein. The cDNA-deduced amino acid sequence predicts a 35-kDa
protein (MAFp3), the first sponge aggregation factor core protein ever
described. The open reading frame is uninterrupted upstream from the
amino terminus of the mature protein, and the deduced amino acid
sequence for this region has been found to contain a long stretch
sharing homology with the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger
protein. A putative hyaluronic acid binding domain and several putative
N- and O-glycosylation signals are present in
MAFp3, as well as eight cysteines, some of them involved in
intermolecular disulfide bridges. Northern blot data suggest variable
expression, and Southern blot analysis reveals the presence of other
related gene sequences. According to the respective molecular masses,
one aggregation factor molecule would contain about 300 MAFp3 units,
suggesting that sponge cell adhesion might be based on the assembly of
multiple small glycosylated protein subunits.
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