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Volume 271, Number 43, Issue of October 25, 1996 pp. 27031-27038
©1996 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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Acylation of Glucosaminyl Phosphatidylinositol Revisited
PALMITOYL-CoA DEPENDENT PALMITOYLATION OF THE INOSITOL RESIDUE OF A SYNTHETIC DIOCTANOYL GLUCOSAMINYL PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL BY HAMSTER MEMBRANES PERMITS EFFICIENT MANNOSYLATION OF THE GLUCOSAMINE RESIDUE

(Received for publication, April 15, 1996, and in revised form, August 5, 1996)

William T. Doerrler ^§ , Jianhua Ye ^¶ , J. R. Falck ^¶ and Mark A. Lehrman

From the Departments of  Pharmacology and ^¶ Molecular Genetics and the ^§ Cell Regulation Graduate Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235-9041

Two critical steps in the assembly of yeast and mammalian glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor precursors are palmitoylation of the inositol residue and mannosylation of the glucosamine residue of the glucosaminyl phosphatidylinositol (GlcN-PI) intermediate. Palmitoylation has been reported to be acyl-CoA dependent in yeast membranes (Costello, L. C., and Orlean, P. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 8599-8603) but strictly acyl-CoA independent in rodent membranes (Stevens, V. L., and Zhang, H. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 31397-31403), and thus poorly conserved. In addition, it was suggested that acylation must precede mannosylation in both yeast (Costello, L. C., and Orlean, P. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 8599-8603) and rodent (Urakaze, M., Kamitani, T., DeGasperi, R., Sugiyama, E., Chang, H.-M., Warren, C. D., and Yeh, E. T. H. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 6459-6462) cells because GlcN-acyl-PI accumulates in vivo when mannosylation is blocked. However, GlcN-acyl-PI accumulation would also be expected if mannosylation and acylation were independent of each other.

These issues were addressed by the use of a synthetic dioctanoyl GlcN-PI analogue (GlcN-PI(C8)) as an in vitro substrate for GPI-synthesizing enzymes in Chinese hamster ovary cell membranes. GlcN-PI(C8) was acylated in an manner requiring acyl-CoA. Thus, the process involving acyl-CoA reported for yeast has been conserved in mammals. Furthermore, both GlcN-PI(C8) and GlcN-acyl-PI(C8) could be mannosylated in vitro, but mannosylation of the latter was significantly more efficient. This provides direct support for the earlier suggestion that acylation precedes mannosylation in rodents cells. A similar result was also observed with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannosyltransferase.

In contrast, it has been reported that mannosylation of endogenous GlcN-PI by Trypansoma brucei membranes occurs without prior acylation. The same result was obtained with GlcN-PI(C8), confirming that the mannosyltransferase of trypanosomes is divergent from those in yeasts and rodents.

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