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Volume 271, Number 43, Issue of October 25, 1996 pp. 27138-27145
©1996 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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Virtually the Entire Xenopus laevis rDNA Multikilobase Intergenic Spacer Serves to Stimulate Polymerase I Transcription

(Received for publication, May 24, 1996, and in revised form, July 31, 1996)

Edward B. Mougey , Louise K. Pape and Barbara Sollner-Webb

From the  Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205

The promoter-distal half of the spacer separating the tandem Xenopus laevis rRNA genes consists of ``0'' and ``1'' repetitive elements that have been considered unimportant in polymerase I transcriptional activation. Utilizing oocyte microinjection, we now demonstrate that the 0/1 region, as well as its component 0 and 1 repeats, substantially stimulate transcription from a ribosomal promoter in cis and inhibit transcription when located in trans. Both the cis and trans responses increase linearly with increasing numbers of 0 or 1 repeats until saturation is approached. The 0/1 block and its component elements stimulate transcription in both orientations, over distances, and when placed downstream of the initiation site, properties for which the 60/81-base pair (bp) repeats have been defined as polymerase I enhancers. In their natural promoter-distal rDNA location, the 0/1 repeats can stimulate transcription from the rRNA gene promoter, above the level afforded by the intervening 60/81-bp repeats and spacer promoter. In addition, as with the 60/81-bp repeats, the 0/1 repeats bind a factor in common with the rDNA promoter. Thus, the entire X. laevis rDNA intergenic spacer (the 0 repeats, 1 repeats, spacer promoter repeats, and 60/81-bp repeats) acts together to enhance ribosomal transcription.

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