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Volume 271, Number 46,
Issue of November 15, 1996
pp. 28890-28897
©1996 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
Estrogen Deficiency Increases the Ability of Stromal Cells to
Support Murine Osteoclastogenesis via an Interleukin-1and Tumor
Necrosis Factor-mediated Stimulation of Macrophage
Colony-stimulating Factor Production
(Received for publication, April 9, 1996, and in revised form, July 9, 1996)
Robert B.
Kimble
,
Sunil
Srivastava
,
F. Patrick
Ross
,
Alicia
Matayoshi
and
Roberto
Pacifici
From the Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases and the
Department of Pathology, Washington University School of
Medicine and Barnes/Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
To analyze how estrogen blocks
osteoclastogenesis, we investigated the effects of ovariectomy on
osteoclast (OC) formation in co-cultures of purified OC precursors and
purified stromal cells (SC). OC formation was higher in co-cultures
containing SC from ovariectomized mice than in those containing SC from
sham-operated mice, thus suggesting that estrogen regulates
osteoclastogenesis by targeting SC. Ovariectomy also increased the
mononuclear cell secretion of interleukin (IL)-1) and tumor necrosis
factor (TNF) and the SC production of macrophage colony-stimulating
factor (MCSF). Osteoclastogenesis and SC production of M-CSF were
not blocked by in vitro estrogen treatment but were
decreased by in vivo treatment of donor mice with either
estrogen or a combination of the IL-1 inhibitor, IL-1 receptor
antagonist, and the TNF inhibitor, TNF binding protein. IL-1 and TNF
production were also blocked by in vivo estrogen treatment,
demonstrating that the increased bone marrow levels of IL-1 and TNF
characteristic of ovariectomized mice induce the formation of a SC
population characterized by a high production of M-CSF and increased
pro-osteoclastogenic activity. Since in co-cultures of SC and OC
precursors M-CSF levels correlated with OC production
(r = 0.7, p < 0.0001), the data also
indicate that the pro-osteoclastogenic activity of SC is proportional
to their secretion of M-CSF. The ability of estrogen to decrease SC
production of M-CSF and the pro-osteoclastogenic activity of these
cells by regulating IL-1 and TNF production is a previously undescribed
mechanism by which estrogen down-regulates osteoclastogenesis.

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Copyright © 1996 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
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