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(Received for publication, June 12, 1996, and in revised form, August 27, 1996)
From the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research,
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1479
Caveolae are plasma membrane specializations
present in most cell types. Caveolin, a 22-kDa integral membrane
protein, is a principal structural and regulatory component of caveolae
membranes. Previous studies have demonstrated that caveolin co-purifies
with lipid modified signaling molecules, including G
Volume 271, Number 46,
Issue of November 15, 1996
pp. 29182-29190
©1996 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
Subunits, and H-Ras Share
a Common Membrane-anchored Scaffolding Protein, Caveolin
CAVEOLIN BINDING NEGATIVELY REGULATES THE AUTO-ACTIVATION OF Src
TYROSINE KINASES
subunits, H-Ras, c-Src, and other related Src family tyrosine kinases.
In addition, it has been shown that caveolin interacts directly with G
subunits and H-Ras, preferentially recognizing the
inactive conformation of these molecules. However, it is
not known whether caveolin interacts directly or indirectly with Src
family tyrosine kinases. Here, we examine the structural and functional
interaction of caveolin with Src family tyrosine kinases. Caveolin was
recombinantly expressed as a glutathione S-transferase
fusion. Using an established in vitro binding assay, we
find that caveolin interacts with wild-type Src (c-Src) but does not
form a stable complex with mutationally activated Src (v-Src). Thus, it
appears that caveolin prefers the inactive conformation of
Src. Deletion mutagenesis indicates that the Src-interacting domain of
caveolin is located within residues 82-101, a cytosolic
membrane-proximal region of caveolin. A caveolin peptide derived from
this region (residues 82-101) functionally suppressed the
auto-activation of purified recombinant c-Src tyrosine kinase and Fyn,
a related Src family tyrosine kinase. We further analyzed the effect of
caveolin on c-Src activity in vivo by transiently
co-expressing full-length caveolin and c-Src tyrosine kinase in 293T
cells. Co-expression with caveolin dramatically suppressed the tyrosine
kinase activity of c-Src as measured via an immune complex kinase
assay. Thus, it appears that caveolin structurally and functionally
interacts with wild-type c-Src via caveolin residues 82-101. Besides
interacting with Src family kinases, this cytosolic caveolin domain
(residues 82-101) has the following unique features. First, it is
required to form multivalent homo-oligomers of caveolin. Second, it
interacts with G-protein
-subunits and down-regulates their GTPase
activity. Third, it binds to wild-type H-Ras. Fourth, it is
membrane-proximal, suggesting that it may be involved in other
potential protein-protein interactions. Thus, we have termed this
20-amino acid stretch of caveolin residues the caveolin scaffolding
domain.
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