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(Received for publication, August 14, 1996)
From the In an attempt to identify and characterize
chloroplast proteases, we performed an immunological analysis of
chloroplasts using an antibody against Escherichia coli
FtsH protease, which is an ATP-dependent
metalloprotease bound to the cytoplasmic membrane. A cross-reacting
protein of 78 kDa was found in the thylakoid membrane of spinach, but
not in the soluble stromal fraction. Alkali and high salt washes, as
well as trypsin treatment of thylakoid membranes, suggest that the
chloroplastic FtsH protein is integral to the membrane, with its
hydrophilic portion exposed to the stroma. The protein is not bound to
any photosynthetic complex and is exclusively located in the stromally
exposed regions of the thylakoid membrane. Its expression is dependent
on light, as it is present in green pea seedlings, but absent from
etiolated ones. An Arabidopsis cDNA was isolated, and
the deduced amino acid sequence demonstrated high similarity to the
E. coli FtsH protein, especially in the central region of
the protein, containing the ATP- and zinc-binding sites. The product of
this clone was capable of import into isolated pea chloroplasts, where
it was processed to its mature form and targeted to the thylakoid
membrane. The trans-bilayer orientation and lateral location of the
FtsH protein in the thylakoid membrane suggest its involvement in the
degradation of both soluble stromal proteins and newly inserted or
turning-over thylakoid proteins.
Volume 271, Number 46,
Issue of November 15, 1996
pp. 29329-29334
©1996 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
,
,
,
and
Department of Biochemistry, Arrhenius
Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, the ¶ Department of Agricultural Botany,
Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel, and the
Department of Biology, University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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