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Volume 271, Number 50, Issue of December 13, 1996 pp. 32204-32211
©1996 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

NMR Study of the Transforming Growth Factor-alpha (TGF-alpha )-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Complex
VISUALIZATION OF HUMAN TGF-alpha BINDING DETERMINANTS THROUGH NUCLEAR OVERHAUSER ENHANCEMENT ANALYSIS

(Received for publication, July 23, 1996, and in revised form, September 12, 1996)

Campbell McInnes , David W. Hoyt , Richard N. Harkins par , Rene N. Pagila par , Maria T. Debanne " , Maureen O'Connor-McCourt " and Brian D. Sykes

From the  Protein Engineering Network of Centres of Excellence, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada, par  Berlex Biosciences, Richmond, California 94804, and the " Biotechnology Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada

The study of human transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha ) in complex with the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor extracellular domain has been undertaken in order to generate information on the interactions of these molecules. Analysis of 1H NMR transferred nuclear Overhauser enhancement data for titration of the ligand with the receptor has yielded specific data on the residues of the growth factor involved in contact with the larger protein. Significant increases and decreases in nuclear Overhauser enhancement cross-peak intensity occur upon complexation, and interpretation of these changes indicates that residues of the A- and C-loops of TGF-alpha form the major binding interface, while the B-loop provides a structural scaffold for this site. These results corroborate the conclusions from NMR relaxation studies (Hoyt, D. W., Harkins, R. N., Debanne, M. T., O'Connor-McCourt, M., and Sykes, B. D. (1994) Biochemistry 33, 15283-15292), which suggest that the C-terminal residues of the polypeptide are immobilized upon receptor binding, while the N terminus of the molecule retains considerable flexibility, and are consistent with structure-function studies of the TGF-alpha /EGF system indicating a multidomain binding model. These results give a visualization, for the first time, of native TGF-alpha in complex with the EGF receptor and generate a picture of the ligand-binding site based upon the intact molecule. This will undoubtedly be of utility in the structure-based design of TGF-alpha /EGF agonists and/or antagonists.


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