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(Received for publication, July 12, 1996, and in revised form, October 7, 1996)
From the Cancer Research Campaign Nucleic Acid Structure Research
Group, Department of Biochemistry, The University of Dundee,
Dundee DD1 4HN, United Kingdom
The DNA junction-resolving enzyme endonuclease
VII of bacteriophage T4 contains a zinc-binding region toward the
N-terminal end of the primary sequence. In the center of this 39-amino
acid section (between residues 38 and 44) lies the sequence HLDHDHE, termed the His-acid cluster. Closely related sequences are found in
three other proteins that have similar zinc-binding motifs. We have
analyzed the function of these residues by a site-directed mutagenesis
approach, modifying single amino acids and studying the properties of
the resulting N-terminal protein A fusions. No sequence changes within
the His-acid cluster led to a change in zinc content of the protein,
indicating that these residues are not involved in the coordination of
zinc. We found that the N-terminal aspartate residue (Asp-40) and the
two histidine residues (His-41 and His-43) within the cluster are
essential for junction-cleavage activity of the proteins. However, all
sequence variations within this region generate proteins that retain
their ability to bind to four-way DNA junctions (with minor changes in
binding affinity in some cases) and to distort their global structure
in the same manner as active enzymes. We conclude that the process of
cleavage can be uncoupled from those of binding to and distortion of
the junction. It is probable that some amino acid side chains of the His-acid cluster participate in the phosphodiester cleavage mechanism of endonuclease VII. The essential aspartate residue might be required
for coordination of catalytic metal ions.
Volume 271, Number 51,
Issue of December 20, 1996
pp. 33148-33155
©1996 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
IMPORTANCE OF A HISTIDINE-ASPARTATE CLUSTER WITHIN THE
ZINC-BINDING DOMAIN
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