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(Received for publication, August 16,
1995; and in revised form, November 30, 1995) Reports that interleukin-8 (IL-8) induces the infiltration of
neutrophils followed by T-cells into injection sites led us to
postulate that by stimulation of neutrophil degranulation IL-8 may
cause the release of factors with chemoattractant activity for
T-lymphocytes. Extracts of human neutrophil granules were
chromatographed to isolate and purify T-lymphocyte chemoattractant
factors. Two major peaks of T-cell chemotactic activity were purified
by C18 reversed phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The
first peak was resolved further by C4 reversed phase HPLC and yielded
an active fraction shown by NH
Volume 271,
Number 6,
Issue of February 9, 1996 pp. 2935-2940
©1996 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
-terminal amino acid sequence
analysis to contain defensins HNP-1, HNP-2, and HNP-3. Purified
defensins HNP-1 and HNP-2 (kindly provided by Dr. R. I. Lehrer, UCLA)
were also potent chemoattractants for human T-cells, while HNP-3 was
inactive. The second peak of T-cell chemoattractant activity was also
further purified to homogeneity by C4 reversed phase HPLC and
identified by NH
-terminal sequence analysis as
CAP37/azurocidin, a protein with sequence homology to serine proteases.
0.1-100 ng of defensins and 1.0-100 ng/ml CAP37 were able
to stimulate in vitro T-cell chemotaxis. Neutrophil activating
factors, i.e. IL-8, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/ionomycin,
and formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine each induced the release of
CAP37 and defensins from neutrophil granules. Subcutaneous
administration of defensins or CAP37/azurocidin into BALB/c mice
resulted in a moderate neutrophil and mononuclear cell infiltrate by 4
h, which was greater by 24 h at the site of injection. Additionally,
subcutaneous injection of defensins into chimeric huPBL-SCID mice
resulted in significant infiltration by human CD3+ cells within 4
h. These results identify the antimicrobial proteins, CAP37/azurocidin
and defensins HNP-1 and HNP-2, as potent neutrophil-derived
chemoattractants for T-cells. These proteins represent primordial
antimicrobial peptides which may have evolved into acute inflammatory
cell-derived signals that mobilize immunocompetent T-cells and other
inflammatory cells.
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